Chapter 15: Passive and Voices

• διαβολος means the slanderer, the devil
• καρπος means fruit
• ναος means sanctuary, shrine, temple
• Φιλιππος means Philip
• φοβος means fear
• χρονος means time (period of)
• ἀποκρινομαι + dat means I answer
• βουλομαι means I wish
• πορευομαι means I go
• ἐκπορευομαι means I go out
• φοβεομαι means I am afraid, fear
• ἁγιαζω means I make holy
• ἀσθενεω means I am weak, sick
• βασταζω means I take up
• γαμεω means I marry
• γνωριζω means I make known
• δουλευω means I am a slave
• ἐκχεω means I pour out
• ἐνδυω means I dress
• ἐπιστρεφω means I turn (back)
• ἡκω means I have come, am present
• ἰσχυω means I am strong
• κελευω means I command
• κλαιω means I weep
• κωλυω means I hinder
• λυπεω means I grieve, pain
• ὀμνυω means I swear, take an oath
• περισσευω means I exceed
• τελεω means I finish, complete
• ὑποστρεφω means I turn back, return
• φαινω means I shine, appear
• φρονεω means I ponder
• Distinguishing the Tenses

  A) λυ

  B) λυσ

  C) ἐλυ

  D) ἐλυσ

  E) ῥυ

  F) ῥυσ

  G) ἐρυ

  H) ἐρυσ

  I) λυ

  J) λυθης

  K) ἐλυ

  L) ἐλυθ

  M) λυ

  N) λυσ

  O) ῥυ

  P) ῥυσ

  Q) λυ

  R) λυθ

  
• Passive Deponents

  A) βουλομαι

  B) φοβεομαι

  C) ἀποκρινομαι

  D) πορευομαι

  E) βουλησομαι

  F) φοβηθησομαι

  G) ἀποκρινεομαι

  H) πορευσομαι

  I) πορευθησομαι

  J) ἐβουληθην

  K) ἐφοβηθην

  L) ἀπεκριθην

  M) ἐπορευθην

  
• The passive endings

  A) λυομαι

  B) λυῃ

  C) λυεται

  D) λυομεθα

  E) λυεσθε

  F) λυονται

  G) λυθησομαι

  H) λυθησῃ

  I) λυθησεται

  J) λυθησομεθα

  K) λυθησεσθε

  L) λυθησονται

  M) ἐλουμην

  N) έλυου

  O) έλυετο

  P) ἐλυομεθα

  Q) ἐλυεσθε

  R) ἐλυοντο

  S) ἐλυθην

  T) έλυθης

  U) ἐλυθη

  V) ἐλυθημεν

  W) ἐλυθητε

  X) ἐλυθησαν

  Y) λυου

  Z) λυεσθε

  [) λυεσθαι

  \) λυομενος

  ]) λυθητι

  ^) λυθητε

  _) λυθηναι

  `) λυθεις

  
• The Idea of the Passive

  Until now, all our sentences have been active in meaning - that is, the subject of the sentence is the one acting. However, in both English and Greek you can have passive sentences, in which the subject of the sentence is acted upon.

  A passive sentence does not indicate who did the action. However, this can be achieved by specifying an agent.
• The meaning of the passive

  A) I am being untied, you are being untied

  B) I will be united, you will be untied

  C) I was being untied, you were being untied

  D) I was untied, you were untied

  E) Be untied!

  F) Be untied!

  G) To be untied

  H) To be untied

  I) Being untied

  J) Having been untied

  
• The passive participle

  A) λυθεις

  B) λυθεντα

  C) λυθεντος

  D) λυθεντι

  E) λυθεντες

  F) λυθεντας

  G) λυθεντων

  H) λυθεισιν

  I) λυεισα

  J) λυθεισαν

  K) λυθεισης

  L) λυθεισῃ

  M) λυθεισαι

  N) λυθεισας

  O) λυθεισων

  P) λυθεισαις

  Q) λυθεν

  R) λυθεν

  S) λυθεντος

  T) λυθεντι

  U) λυθεντα

  V) λυθεντα

  W) λυθεντων

  X) λυθεισιν

  
• More combinations

  A) π

  B) β

  C) φ

  D) τ

  E) δ

  F) θ

  G) ν

  
• ἠκουσθην is aorist passive of ἀκουω