moral panics and cyber crime

• What is the first stage of the deviance amplification spiral?

  Primary deviance
• What happens during the isolation and alienation stage of the deviance amplification spiral?

  The act has not yet been labelled
• What role does the media play in the deviance amplification spiral?

  It increases social reaction to deviance
• What is secondary deviance in the deviance amplification spiral?

  Person is labelled and receives a master status
• What is the social reaction to a master status?

  It leads to increased deviance
• How does the deviance amplification spiral help explain moral panics?

  It shows how reactions escalate to deviance
• What is a moral panic?

  An exaggerated over-reaction by society
• Who typically identifies groups as 'folk devils' during moral panics?

  The media
• How does the media present 'folk devils'?

  In a negative, stereotypical way
• What do moral entrepreneurs do during moral panics?

  They condemn the group and their behavior
• What caused the initial panic between mods and rockers in 1964?

  Petty violence between two subcultures
• How did the media portray the mods and rockers?

  As hooligans and monsters
• What was the reality of the violence between mods and rockers?

  It was exaggerated by the media
• What assumption does the evaluation of moral panics make about societal reactions?

  They are disproportionate over-reactions
• What do McRobbie and Thornton argue about moral panics?

  They have become routine and less impactful
• How has the consensus about deviance changed in late modern society?

  There is less consensus about deviance
• How do Thomas and Loader define cybercrime?

  Computer mediated activities that are illegal
• What opportunities does the internet create according to Jewkes?

  To commit conventional and new crimes
• What is cyber-trespass?

  Crossing boundaries into others' cyber property
• What does cyber-deception and theft include?

  Identity theft and phishing
• What is cyber-pornography?

  Pornography involving minors and non-consensual sharing
• What is cyber-violence?

  Causing psychological harm or inciting physical harm
• Who was victimized by the Melissa virus?

  Users of Microsoft-based systems
• What was the estimated cost of the Melissa virus damage?

  $80 million
• Who was the offender in the Melissa virus case?

  Smith
• Who was victimized in the NASA cyber attack in 1999?

  NASA and the Defence Threat Reduction Agency
• Who was the offender in the NASA cyber attack?

  Johnathan James
• What was the cost of the NASA cyber attack?

  $1.7 million in data
• How much did NASA have to pay in repairs after the cyber attack?

  $44,000