4.3.1.1 Defining electrolysis: decomposition of ionic

• What is the definition of electrolysis?

  Using electricity to break down ionic compounds
• What does decomposition mean in the context of electrolysis?

  Breaking down a compound into simpler substances
• What are the characteristics of ionic compounds in electrolysis?

  • Made of ions
  • Held together by strong electrostatic forces
  • Conduct electricity when molten or dissolved
• What type of compounds are used in electrolysis?

  Ionic compounds
• What happens to sodium chloride during electrolysis?

  • Sodium chloride decomposes into sodium metal and chlorine gas.
  • Electric current causes the breakdown of the compound.
• What are ionic compounds made of?

  Ions held together by electrostatic forces
• What is the role of electricity in electrolysis?

  It drives the decomposition of compounds
• Which electrode do negative non-metal ions move to during electrolysis?

  Positive electrode (anode)
• What is the role of electricity in electrolysis?

  It breaks down ionic compounds.
• What forms at each electrode during electrolysis?

  Neutral elements
• What flows through the external circuit during electrolysis?

  Electrons flow to balance charges.
• What occurs at the anode during electrolysis?

  • Negative ions lose electrons.
  • They form neutral elements.
• What happens to positive and negative ions during electrolysis?

  • Positive ions move to the cathode.
  • Negative ions move to the anode.
• What ions are involved at the anode?

  Negative ions
• How do lead(II) ions and bromide ions behave during electrolysis of molten lead bromide?

  • Lead(II) ions (Pb²⁺) move to cathode
  • Bromide ions (Br⁻) move to anode
  • Both undergo chemical changes
• How are ionic compounds held together?

  By strong electrostatic forces
• What ions are involved at the cathode?

  Positive ions
• What are ionic compounds made of?

  Ions
• What occurs at the cathode during electrolysis?

  • Positive ions gain electrons.
  • They form neutral elements.
• Which ions are attracted to the negative electrode?

  Positive lead ions
• In the electrolysis of sodium chloride, what do chloride ions become at the anode?

  Chlorine gas (Cl₂)
• What is the significance of passing an electric current through a compound in electrolysis?

  It causes the compound to decompose into elements
• How does electrolysis work?

  It passes electric current through a liquid compound
• Which ions are attracted to the positive electrode?

  Negative bromide ions
• What is the process called that involves the decomposition of ionic compounds?

  Electrolysis
• Where does the electrolysis process occur for positive and negative ions?

  • Positive ions: Cathode
  • Negative ions: Anode
• What does aluminium oxide break down into during electrolysis?

  Aluminium metal and Oxygen gas
• What happens to ions during electrolysis?

  They move to oppositely charged electrodes
• What type of power supply is used in the illustrated setup?

  DC power supply
• What process is illustrated by the setup?

  Electrolysis
• What occurs during the transfer of electrons in electrolysis?

  Electrons transfer to/from ions
• What is the chemical name of the molten substance in the container?

  Molten lead(II) bromide
• What are sodium metal and chlorine gas used for?

  Production of sodium metal and chlorine gas
• What happens to ions during electrolysis?

  • Positive ions (cations) are attracted to the negative electrode (cathode).
  • Negative ions (anions) are attracted to the positive electrode (anode).
• Which electrode do positive metal ions move to during electrolysis?

  Negative electrode (cathode)
• What does molten sodium chloride yield during electrolysis?

  Sodium metal and Chlorine gas
• What is one substance commonly used in electrolysis?

  Water
• What does water break down into during electrolysis?

  Hydrogen and Oxygen
• What ions make up sodium chloride?

  Sodium and chloride ions
• What is the chemical formula for sodium chloride?

  NaCl