Respiration and Breathing

• Aerobic Respiration - Glucose + Oxygen --> Energy (ATP) + Carbon Dioxide + Water
• Anaerobic Respiration - Glucose --> Energy (ATP) + Lactic acid
• Carbon dioxide is a waste product - Aerobic Repiration
• ATP - Used for, movement (contracting muscle)
• ATP - used for growth and repair (cell division - growth, repair and replacement of the cell)
• ATP - used for making proteins (e.g. enzymes and hormones)
• ATP - used for producing heat (helps to maintain body temperature in warm blooded animals - birds and mamals)
• Breathing - mechanism to get air in and out of your lungs
• The human Breathing system

  
• DURING INSPIRATION

  The diaphragm contracts and moves down

  The intercostal muscles contracts pulling the ribs up and out

  The volume of the thoracic (chest) cavity increases

  Air pressure lowers

  Air moves in the lungs
• DURING EXPIRATION

  The diaphragm relaxes, moving up

  The intercostal muscles relaxes

  The ribs move down and in

  The volume of the thoracic (chest) cavity is low

  The air pressure in the lungs increases

  Air moves out the lungs
• Adaptation + Benefit of the alveolus

  THIN WALLS - capillaries and alveoli are one cell thick, so the diffusion distance is shorter
• Adaptation + Benefit of the Alveolus

  LARGE SURFACE AREA - Its the so that as much gas as possible can be exchanged
• Adaptation + Benifit of the Alveolus

  MOIST LINING - so that the gasses can dissolve and then diffuse across the alveoli
• Adaptation + benefit if the Alveolus

  RICH BLOOD SUPPLY - to maintain a concentration gradient
• The purpose of the cilia - produce mucus to capture and remove impurities out of the lung
• There are 4,000 chemicals present in cigarette smoke e.e. arsenic, methane, carbon monoxide
• The effect of smoking in the cilia

  • can paralyse the cilia
• The consequences on an individual smoking - increased risk of lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, and EMPHYSEMA AND CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
• Smoking causes over 100,000 deaths in the UK every year
• Give three examples of impurities that the mucus capture

  Dust, bacteria, viruses