Ionic bonding

• What should you be able to describe by the end of the video?

  How electrons are transferred during ionic bonding
• What do Dot and cross diagrams represent?

  They show ionic bonding and electron transfer
• What is the maximum number of electrons in the first energy level?

  Two electrons
• How many electrons can the second energy level hold?

  Eight electrons
• What is the maximum number of electrons in the third energy level?

  Eight electrons
• Why are noble gases unreactive?

  They have a full outer energy level
• What do elements aim to achieve through reactions?

  A full outer energy level for stability
• Where are metals located on the periodic table?

  On the left-hand side
• Where are non-metals found on the periodic table?

  On the right-hand side
• What happens when a metal reacts with a non-metal?

  Ionic bonding takes place
• What is the group number of lithium?

  Group one
• What is the group number of fluorine?

  Group seven
• How many electrons does a lithium atom have?

  Three electrons
• How many electrons are in the outer energy level of lithium?

  One electron
• What charge do lithium atoms have?

  No overall charge
• How many electrons does a fluorine atom have?

  Nine electrons
• How many electrons are in the outer energy level of fluorine?

  Seven electrons
• What charge do fluorine atoms have?

  No overall charge
• What happens to lithium when it reacts with fluorine?

  Lithium loses its outer electron
• What happens to fluorine when it reacts with lithium?

  Fluorine gains an electron
• What charge does lithium have after losing an electron?

  One positive charge
• What charge does fluorine have after gaining an electron?

  One negative charge
• What do both lithium and fluorine achieve after the reaction?

  Full outer energy levels
• What is an ion?

  An atom with an overall charge
• What do group one metals form during ionic bonding?

  One positive ion
• What do group seven non-metals form during ionic bonding?

  One negative ion
• What is a typical exam question about ionic bonding?

  Describe the reaction between sodium and chlorine
• What does the Dot and cross diagram show in the sodium and chlorine reaction?

  Only the outer energy levels involved
• What happens to the electron during the sodium and chlorine reaction?

  One electron passes from sodium to chlorine
• What do both sodium and chlorine achieve after the reaction?

  Full outer energy levels
• What are the key facts about ionic bonding?

  • Elements react to achieve a full outer energy level
  • This leads to a stable electronic structure
  • Metals lose electrons, non-metals gain electrons
• What is the process of ionic bonding between lithium and fluorine?

  1. Lithium loses one electron
  2. Fluorine gains that electron
  3. Both achieve full outer energy levels
  4. Lithium becomes a positive ion
  5. Fluorine becomes a negative ion
• What is the significance of a full outer energy level in ionic bonding?

  • Indicates stability
  • Achieved by metals losing electrons
  • Achieved by non-metals gaining electrons
• What is the role of Dot and cross diagrams in ionic bonding?

  • Visual representation of electron transfer
  • Dots represent one atom's electrons
  • Crosses represent another atom's electrons