MWH Ch. 15

• The balance of trade is when a country earns money by selling goods and services to other countries.
• Money can be earned by mining gold and silver, or by acquiring a country with gold and silver, and selling goods and trading.
• Countries wanted colonies to gain territory, money, resources, and spread religion.
• Tariffs were taxes on imported goods to encourage people to buy goods from inside the country.
• Portugal had colonies to gain territory, money, resources, and spread religion.
• Technological advances that helped the age of exploration included the compass, astrolabe, better maps, cannons, new ships, and the navigator “The Navigator” - Prince Henry.
• Leaders of the age of exploration were Portugal and Spain.
• Subsidies are when the government poses too much of one resource and needs to get rid of it, they give people money to start businesses to use the leftover resources.
• Mercantilism is when a country should do all it can to increase its wealth.
• Prince Henry’s contribution to the age of exploration was “The Navigator” - trying to get to India and wants gold.
• Vasco da Gama reached India.
• Columbus thought he landed in India but actually reached the Bahamas.
• The Columbian exchange affected the natives the most by introducing diesease from the new world.
• The Treaty of Tordesillas split land between Spain and Portugal to stop the war.
• Cortes conquered the Aztecs, Mexica, and Moctezuma.
• Pizarro conquered the Incas, Perú, and Atahualpa.
• Reasons for the collapse of Portugal were so much debt, drain in population, and Spain annexed Portugal.
• The Dutch Revolt against Spain was caused by tax farming.
• Magellan, sailing for Spain, named the Pacific Ocean.
• Juan Ponce De Leon went to Florida to look for the fountain of youth.
• The Encomienda system was a forced labor system where the natives were forced to work and in return they would get food, shelter, and protection.
• Charles V ruled Spain and the HRE (Holy Roman Empire).
• The Habsburgs were a powerful German family that gained wealth through marriages.
• The 30 years war was caused by the Defenestration at Prague where catholics were thrown out of a window of a 70 ft tower.
• The Treaty of Utrecht allowed Philip V Louis grandson to be king of Spain and they are not allowed to unite.
• France sided with the Protestants in the 30 year war to reduce the power of HRE and other nations.
• Phillip II made mistakes in the Netherlands by ignoring their tradition of self rule, over taxing, and persecuting calvinists.
• Phillip V took the crown in Spain after the last Habsburg kind died and after the 4th war / Treaty of Utrecht.
• William the Silent was put a bounty on by Phillip II.
• Define the balance of trade: Get money- mine gold and silver , or get a country with gold and silver, plus sell goods and trade
• Why did countries want colonies?: The gain territory, money, and resources
• What was the purpose of tariffs: Taxes on imported goods was to insure that ppl bought goods from inside the country
• Why did Portugal have colonies?: The grain money, resources, territory, and mb even spread religion
• List the technological advances that helped the age of exploration:

  Compass, astrolabe, better maps, cannons, new ship,
• Who were the Leaders of the age of exploration?:

  Portugal and Spain
• Define subsidies : When the gov poses to much of one resource and they need to get rid of it - they give people money to start businesses to use the leftover resources
• Define mercantilism : A country should do all it can to increases its wealth
• What was Prince Henry's contribution to the age of exploration?: ‘The navigator”  - trying to get to india and wants gold
• What was Vasco dagmas contribution to the age of exploration?: He reaches India
• Where did Columbus think he landed?: India but he reached the bahamas