behaviour modification

• token economy - behaviourist treatment - uses operant conditioning
• reinforces behaviour with rewards and punishments
• reinforces good behaviour with tokens (secondary reinforcers) which can be swapped for things like food (primary reinforcers)
• things needed for token economy - behaviour clearly defined - variety of rewards - reasons for token allocation - token is worth clearly established - rate of earning tokens is established
• pros token economy - milan and mckee - inmates performance was better with token economy
• cons token economy - unethical - kirgin doesn't carry on out of an institution
• anger management - therapy programme used with violent criminals
• violent behaviour is caused by anfer and frustration - if criminals can control anger then violence will decrease
• anger management is based on cbt technqiues
• main aims of anger management - reduce violence - increase self awareness - increase control
• anger management times - 2 hour sessions each week for 8 weeks
• pros anger management - ireland - effective - improvement in 92% of participants
• cons anger management - howells did not have a significant enough effect
• restorative justice - criminals making ammends - take responsibility - aware of damage caused
• victim must volunteer - offender must have admitted responsibility
• pros restorative justice - smith report found reduced PTSD, decreased costs
• cons restorative justice - people are reluctant to use it - lack of awareness around the programme
• cutodial sentencing - send to prision - young offenders - psych ward
• cutodial aims - detter - protection - retribution - rehab
• psychological effects of a prision - depression - institutionalisation - deindividualisation
• depression in priisons - due to change of environment and scary process
• institutionalisation - adopting the rules and regulations of an institution outside of the insitutuion and failing to function outside of it
• deindividualisation - losing your identify as you assimilate into part of the group
• token economy effective - hobbs and holt - significant improvement in bheaviour than control group
• anger management process - cognitive preperation - skills aquisition - application practise
• cognitive preperation - identifying triggers
• skill aquisition - learning coping techniques and dealing with situations
• application - role play in the stressful scenarios