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• The Ming dynasty was founded by the Hongwu Emperor, who established strict laws against corruption.
• Mongol rule ended with the death of Kublai Khan's grandson in 1398 CE.
• China became divided into three states during the period known as the Three Kingdoms (220-265).
• China became divided into three states during this time period.
• The Tang Dynasty (618-907) saw China at its most prosperous and powerful since Han times.
• Nomadic peoples, like the Mongols, played a significant role in providing political stability, promoting trade, and facilitating cross-cultural interactions during this period.
• During this period, powerful political states emerged in France and the Holy Roman Empire, leading to a struggle for power between the church and states.
• Technological exchanges occurred, such as the introduction of Champa rice in China and the transfer of paper manufacturing from China to the West, leading to increased literacy rates and advancements in fields like medicine and mathematics.
• Religious conversion occurred through various means, including missionary work, military invasion, trade, and social incentives.
• Major world religions, such as Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism, spread during this period through conversion efforts and missionary work.
• The Vijayanagara Empire and the Chola Kingdom in South Asia built their states and expanded their influence through trade.
• The Sultanate of Delhi was a Muslim state established in India, but had difficulty converting the Indian society to Islam.
• Feudalism was the dominant system of state building in Europe, but centralized monarchies were rising in power.
• The Abbasid Caliphate was fractured by invaders and falling apart during this period.
• The Kingdom of Mali centralized power to a greater extent than the Empire of Ghana, resulting in tremendous wealth.
• The Aztecs built a huge empire through a tribute system, while the Incas used a mandatory public service system called the Mit'a system.
• Religion played a key role in state building, with Islam uniting regions through shared beliefs and language, Confucianism justifying rule in Song China, Hinduism and Buddhism consolidating power in South and Southeast Asia, and the Catholic Church influencing European states.
• The Mamluk Sultanate in North Africa was established by overthrowing the Egyptian government and enslaving non-Muslims.
• The Song Dynasty in China was flourishing socially, politically, and economically during this period.
• In 1402 CE, the Ming emperor moved his capital to Beijing (Peking) from Nanjing.
• phate during this time the Abbasid Caliphate was in power in the Middle East and this was considered the Golden Age of the Abbasid Caliphate the Abbasid Caliphate was a multicultural society with people from various backgrounds including Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians and the Abbasid Caliphate was also known for its intellectual and cultural achievements including the translation of ancient Greek knowledge into Arabic and the establishment of major libraries and universities now the Abbasid Caliphate was also known for its technological innovations including the invention of the windmill
• During the Tang Dynasty, China had an economy based on agriculture and trade.
• Major civilizations are growing larger and world religions continue to exert a huge influence on life and culture during the years 1200 to 1450.
• During this time, China experienced economic growth due to increased trade with India and Central Asia.
• Technological innovations such as gunpowder and paper are prevalent during this period.
• The Ming emperors were known as "the Great" or "the Wise."
• States are growing larger and localized religious beliefs and older technology are declining.
• The Silk Road facilitated trade between China and other civilizations such as India, Persia, Arabia, and Europe.
• The Song Dynasty in China was considered China's Golden Age and experienced technological advancements including the invention of gunpowder and the improvement of the Grand Canal.
• The Song Dynasty (960-1279) was marked by economic growth and cultural achievements.
• The Abbasid Caliphate during its Golden Age was a multicultural society with people from various backgrounds including Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians and was known for its intellectual and cultural achievements including the translation of ancient Greek knowledge into Arabic and the establishment of major libraries and universities.
• Rome had been weakened by invasions from Germanic tribes such as the Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Vandals, Suebi, Burgundians, Lombards, Franks, Saxons, Angles, Jutes, and Huns.
• The Abbasid Caliphate was also known for its technological innovations including the invention of the windmill and the creation of the first water clocks.
• The Mongol Yuan dynasty ruled China from 1279 to 1368 CE.
• These technologies had a significant impact on agriculture and timekeeping respectively and contributed to the spread of knowledge and culture around the world.
• Buddhism spread to China through Central Asia along the Silk Road.
• The Tangut Xia dynasty controlled parts of northwest China from 1038 to 1227 CE.
• The Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368) was ruled by Mongols from Central Asia.
• China's population grew rapidly due to advances in medicine and technology.
• China's population grew rapidly as well, reaching over 130 million by the end of the dynasty.