NCM:109 1M Antenatal Complications

• Patients should notify healthcare providers if they experience any of these symptoms.
• Signs and symptoms of worsening condition in Rh incompatibility include anemia, jaundice, swelling of the body, lethargy, low muscle tone, and potential complications such as stillbirth, heart failure, kernicterus, seizures, and cognitive impairments.
• Weight gain of about 1.5 kg (3.3 lb.) per month in the second trimester or more than 1.3 to 2.3 kg (3 to 5 lb.) per week in the third trimester is a clinical manifestation of preeclampsia.
• Proteinuria 1+ to 2+, or 300 mg/dL, in a 24-hour sample is a clinical manifestation of preeclampsia.
• Blood pressure exceeding 160/110 mmHg noted on two readings taken 6 hours apart with the client on bed rest is a clinical manifestation of severe preeclampsia.
• Generalized edema in the face, hands, and ankles is a classic sign of preeclampsia.
• Risk factors/predisposing factors for placental abruption: advanced maternal age, short umbilical cord, chorioamnionitis, traumatic injury to the uterus, placental site bleeding, chronic hypertension or pregnancy-induced hypertension, multiparity, dietary deficiency, smoking, pressure on the vena cava from an enlarged uterus
• Assessment findings for moderate placental abruption: gradual or abrupt development, continuous abdominal pain, moderate dark red bleeding, tender uterus, firm uterus between contractions, barely audible or irregular and bradycardic fetal heart tones, signs of shock
• Fluid volume deficit: bleeding related to damaged placental blood vessels
• Placental abruption: occurs when the placenta separates from the uterine wall prematurely, usually after the 20th week of gestation, producing hemorrhage
• Assessment findings for mild placental abruption: gradual development, mild to moderate bleeding, lower abdominal discomfort, abdominal tenderness, uterine irritability, strong and regular fetal heart tones
• Types of hydramnios include acute, chronic, oligohydramnios, and polyhydramnios
• Hydramnios is an excessive amount of amniotic fluid during pregnancy
• Fetal movements felt in different parts of the abdomen at the same time
• Pharmacological management includes tocolytic and corticosteroid medications
• Nursing diagnosis includes imbalanced nutrition and fatigue
• Medical management includes ultrasound and blood studies
• Support groups and resources available for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia:
• Nursing interventions include advocating healthy eating and physical activity, referring to a dietitian, advising against caffeine/alcohol/tobacco, and promoting proper sleep
• Support groups and resources available for cardiac disease during pregnancy:
• Surgical management includes C-section and cervical cerclage
• Support groups and resources available for HELLP syndrome:
• Causes of hydramnios include diabetes, fetal swallowing issues, excessive fetal urine production, and certain fetal malformations
• Cells that aren't as large and rich in hemoglobin as they should be affect the proper transport of oxygen
• Other types of anemia include folic acid deficiency and sickle-cell anemia
• Administering iron supplements may be necessary in severe cases of anemia
• Assessment findings of anemia include fatigue, listlessness, pallor, and exercise intolerance
• Management of anemia includes a well-balanced diet, oral or parenteral iron therapy, and pharmacological interventions such as ferrous sulfate and folic acid
• Nursing interventions for anemia include encouraging a healthy diet, monitoring CBC and serum iron levels, assessing vital signs, and providing rest periods
• Type 1 diabetes is characterized by absolute insulin deficiency, while type 2 diabetes is characterized by the pancreas being unable to produce insulin and insulin resistance.
• Diagnostic test findings of anemia include low hemoglobin, low hematocrit, low serum iron, and low RBC count with microcytic and hypochromic cells
• Signs of diabetes include a blood sugar level of 190 mg/dL or 10.6 mmol/L, yeast infections, and weight loss. Symptoms include frequent urination, increased thirst, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, dry mouth, blurred vision, increased appetite, dizziness (hypoglycemic), and confusion (hyperglycemic).
• Signs and symptoms of anemia include dyspnea, fatigue, headache, dizziness, pale skin, and unusual cravings for non-nutritive substances
• Complications of high blood sugar levels during pregnancy include hydramnios, large infant, congenital anomaly, spontaneous miscarriage, and stillbirth.
• Medical management of diabetes during pregnancy may involve insulin pump therapy, while pharmacological management may involve the use of insulin.
• Nursing interventions for pregnant women with diabetes include assessing and recording dietary patterns and caloric intake, monitoring weight, monitoring blood glucose levels, ensuring compliance with testing, educating on self-monitoring of blood glucose levels, testing urine for ketones, keeping daily records of blood glucose values and treatment, providing teaching on insulin dosage, diet, and exercise, and addressing emotional and psychosocial needs.
• Signs and symptoms of pylori include frequent nausea and vomiting, dehydration, severe weight loss, ketonuria, and elevated hematocrit concentration.
• Nursing interventions for pylori include monitoring fluid intake, output, and blood chemistries, restoring hydration, monitoring vital signs and urine for ketones, providing frequent mouth care, suggesting decreased liquid intake during meals, providing reassurance and a calm atmosphere, and teaching coping strategies and energy conservation measures.
• Possible causes of pylori include pancreatitis, biliary tract disease, decreased secretion of hydrochloric acid, decreased gastric motility, drug toxicity, inflammatory obstructive bowel disease, vitamin deficiency, and psychological factors.
• Assessment findings of pylori include severe nausea and vomiting, weight loss, hiccups, oliguria, vertigo and headache, electrolyte imbalance, and dehydration.