AO1

• Chromosomes carry all genetic information (DNA)
• Hormones are the body's chemical messagers. They travel through the bloodstream, influencing mood, the stress response and bonding between mother and baby
• Intersex is the term used to describe an individual who is neither male nor female.
• The characteristics of Turner syndrome include being shorter than average and having a lack of monthly periods due to underdeveloped ovaries.
• Turner's syndrome is due to an XO configuration, meaning the second sex chromosom is partly or completely missing.
• There are a wide variety of symptoms in XO females, including small lower jaw, webbed neck, narrow hips, and misshapen inter organs.
• Turner's syndrome occurs in about 1 in 2,000 females at birth.
• Individuals with Turner's syndrome are born with a vagina and womb.
• Klinefelter's syndrome is due to an XXY configuration.
• Approximately 1 in 1,000 males have Klinefelter's syndrome.
• Physically, individuals with Klinefelter's syndrome look less masculine due to reduced levels of testosterone, such as less facial hair, broader hips, and possible breast tissue.
• Oxytocin has been called the 'love'hormone as it promotes feelings of bonding in both men and women. Oxytocin is produced in the pituitary gland and evokes feelings of contentment and calmness. In women the hormone is important in breastfeeding because it causes milk to flow in a lactating mother. In men and women oxytocin is related to orgasm and faster wound healing
• Oestrogen The default gender is female; a genetic male will develop as a female unles exposed to testosterone. So females do not need hormones to direct prenatal genital development.