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• A system is an interrelated set of components that function together to achieve an outcome.
• Basically, there are three major components in every system, namely input, process, and output
• The system is made up of three components: a computer, a file, and a terminal that provides an interface to the user.
• Goal setting is one such principle. It defines exactly what the system is supposed to do.
• System boundary defines the components that make up the system.
• Anything outside the system boundary is known as the system environment.
• Feedback is the idea of monitoring the current system output and comparing it to the system goal.
• Purpose - the reason it exists or the reference point for measuring its success
• Subsystems - parts or elements which perform specified tasks that are compatible with the goals of the larger system of which these are parts.
• Environment - the people, facilities, rules, policies, and regulations that surround a system
• Boundary - the perimeter or line of demarcation, between a system and the environment.
• Connections - transmit the flow of material and information that coordinate the system’s components.
• Control Mechanisms - rules and logic that govern the individual subsystems and the interactions among them.
• Business system is a collection of policies, procedures, methods, people, machines, and other elements that interact and enable the organization to achieve its goals.
• Information system is a collection of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and provide as output the information needed to complete a business task.
• Work Practice - methods and procedures used by people and technology to perform work
• Information - can include formatted data, text, images and sounds.
• People - persons, who enter, process, and use data.
• Information Technology - includes hardware and software that perform one or more data processing tasks
• TPS process large amount of data for routine business activities or transactions.
• MIS provide a standard reports for managers about transaction data.
• DSS are designed to help organizational decision makers identify and choose between options or decisions.
• OAS support general office work for handling and managing documents and facilitating communication.
• Expert systems (also called knowledge-based system) perform a task that would otherwise be performed by a human expert.
• EIS provide a generalized computing and communication environment to senior managers to support strategic decisions.
• SYSTEM OWNERS- pay for the system to be built and operated and set the vision and priorities for the system.
• SYSTEM USERS- are the people who actually use the system on a regular basis to support the operation and management of the organization.
• Internal system users are employees of the business for which most information systems are built.
• Clerical and service workers – perform most of the day – to – day transaction processing in the average business.
• Technical and professional staff – consists largely of business and industrial specialist who perform highly skilled and specialized work.
• Supervisors, middle managers, and executive managers – are the decision markers. Supervisors tend to focus on day-today problem solving and decision making
• External system users are increasingly referred to as remote users and mobile users
• System Designers – are technical specialists that translate the business requirements into a feasible technical solution.
• Database administrator -specialists lo database technologies that design and coordinate changes to corporate databases.
• Network architects- specialist in networking and telecommunications technologies who design, install, configure, optimize, and support local and wide area networks, including connections to the internet and other external networks,
• Web architects - specialists who design complex Web sites for organizations. Including public Web sites for the internet, internal Web sites for organizations (called intranets), and private business-to-business Web sites (called extranets)
• SYSTEM BUILDERS- are technical specialists who build, test, and deliver the information system.
• Graphics artist - relatively new In today's IT worker mix, specialists In graph-ics technology and methods used to design and construct compelling and easy-to-use interfaces to systems, including interfaces for PCs, the websites, handheld and smart phones.
• Security Experts - specialists in the technology and methods used to ensure data and network security (and privacy).
• Technology specialists – experts in the application of specific technologies that will be used in a system (e.g., a specific commercial software package or a specific type of hardware).