theories

• Vladimir Propp is a theorist who created a theory about characters that might appear in typical narratives.
• Propp's theory suggests that certain character types, such as the hero, villain, damsel in distress, sidekick, and dispatcher, often appear in narratives.
• The helper, as per Propp's theory, is a character who donates or gives something to the hero to help them on their quest.
• The false hero, according to Propp, is a character who is trying to be the hero but is not really a good guy or a good person.
• In an exam situation, it's important to be able to identify characters in the text that fit one of these prop character types.
• The man in the Quality Street advert is represented as a hero, surrounded by women who are trying to win his attention.
• The women on the film poster of Kiss of the Vampire may be represented as damsel in distress princess characters, but the woman in the middle has a more powerful dominant body language and facial expression.
• Tadros was a theorist who was talking about narratives in general, not specific to films or TV programs or modern media.
• In a typical narrative, according to Tadros, it tends to follow a three-part structure: equilibrium, disruption, and new equilibrium.
• The equilibrium in a narrative is when everything is balanced and normal, with no problems at the beginning of the story.
• The disruption in a narrative is when something bad happens, forcing the hero to go on a quest to solve it.
• The resolution in a narrative is when the disruption is solved, returning the story to a new equilibrium.
• Tadros narrative theory can be applied to more modern products if needed.
• Tadros narrative theory is a simple theory that can be applied to various media products.
• Not every media product follows the structure of disruption, equilibrium, and new equilibrium.
• Printed products like film posters often include narrative elements of disruption rather than equilibrium or the new equilibrium.
• Papers like The Daily Mirror see Trump's election as a disruption rather than an equilibrium.
• Some media products deliberately challenge the narrative structure for a reason, whether it's to hook in the audience from the start, make them feel like they need to watch the next film or the next program in the franchise or the series, or leave them on the edge of their seat.
• The narrative structure of disruption, equilibrium, and new equilibrium can be seen in set texts
• Horror films often start with disruptions, such as a dead body, to hook in the audience.
• Tadros narrative theory is a theory that can be applied to various media products.
• Van Diemen's feminist theories suggest that our ideas about gender are derived from discourse, which includes written and moving image communication such as magazines, newspapers, films, TV programs, and video games.
• Van Diemen's theory also emphasizes the importance of considering the historical and cultural context when understanding our ideas about gender.
• The second part of Van Diemen's theory is that women are often objectified in the media, which means they are seen as an object to be looked at, bought, sold, and used.
• Van Zenon also believes that men and women's bodies are often represented differently, with women's bodies being objectified and sexualized, and men's bodies being shown as spectacle.
• Van Zenon believes that women are often represented as domestic homemakers mothers wives, and that men are often represented as individuals more suited to the workplace and politics.
• Perfume ads often feature a woman's legs without a face, indicating that the woman is not important and is seen as decoration.
• Music videos often objectify women, making them commodities and focusing on their bodies instead of their faces.
• The vampire poster features a helpless damsel in distress, encased in a tight revealing dress, unconscious, and being held by a male vampire, illustrating the objectification of women.
• Blue Miller and Cats came up with the theory of uses and gratifications to explain why audiences might actively choose to watch or consume a media product.
• One of the reasons audiences might choose a media product is for entertainment or escape, also known as diversion.
• Entertainment or escape is the idea that audiences are bored and want something to take them away from their boring life, something dramatic or funny, something that's interesting and makes them really want to watch it.
• Relaxing media products are often consumed for entertainment or escape purposes.
• Another reason audiences might choose a media product is for education or information purposes, which is anything that is informative, factual, or teaches us something.
• Education or information purposes can be found in factual products like newspapers and websites, or in fiction products that teach us something.
• A reason audiences might choose a media product is for social interaction, which is the idea of building up personal relationships with other people.
• Media products that allow audiences to physically communicate with other people, such as online games, can encourage the idea of relationships with other people.
• Online media products like vloggers can give the illusion of personal relationships, making audiences feel like they have a real connection with the person on the screen.
• Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity is a complex concept that can be difficult to understand.
• The term 'gender' is often confused with 'biological sex' and 'sexuality'.