A. Scientific Management by Frederick Taylor

• The organization is a machine, a pragmatic machine whose focus is to simply run more effectively
• Taylor believed that scientific principles could be applied to the study of work behavior to help increase worker efficiency and productivity
• Based on the concept of planning of work to achieve efficiency, standardization, specialization, and simplification
• The advantages of productivity improvement should go to workers
• Physical stress and anxiety should be eliminated
• Capabilities of workers should be developed through training
• Traditional boss concept should be elimated
• Mainly associated with high levels of job specialization and standardization
• conducted time and motion studies and analyzed temperature, illumination, and other conditions of work, all while looking at the effects of these conditions on productivity and efficiency
• Taylorism: has a premise that there is one best way to get the job done
• Management gathers data from the workers, who are in the best position to understand the job duties and tasks
• Workers are selected carefully or scientifically and trained so that they become more efficient than ever
• Scientific selection, data collection, and training are combined to enhance efficiency
• The work itself is redistributed, with management taking over tasks previously left to subordinated
• The most effective companies have detailed procedures and work practices developed by engineers, enforced by supervisors, and executed by employees
• Taylor, along with Frank and Lillian Gilbreth implemented the principles of scientific management
• Worker efficiency would lead to greater managerial efficiency