Lesson 3

• System 1 is the intuitive, automatic, unconscious, and fast way of thinking.
• False impressions, interpretations, and beliefs can produce serious consequences.
• “Thinking is for doing.”
• System 2 is the deliberate, controlled, conscious, and slower way of thinking.
• Priming effect occurs when an individual’s exposure to a certain stimulus influences their response to a subsequent prompt, without any awareness of the connection.
• Intuition is automatic processing, also known as System 1, which is effortless, habitual, and without awareness, roughly corresponding to "intuition".
• Controlled processing, also known as System 2, is deliberate, reflective, and conscious.
• Examples of Automatic Thinking include Schemas, Emotional reactions, Sufficient expertise, and People’s snap judgments.
• Overconfidence phenomenon is the tendency to be more confident than correct, often due to ignorance of one’s incompetence.
• Confirmation Bias is the tendency to seek out information that confirms our beliefs and avoid information that disproves them.
• Moods infuse judgments.
• Illusory thinking is the phenomenon where our moods infuse our judgments.
• People easily misperceive random events as confirming their beliefs.
• In a phenomenon called illusory correlation, people’s prejudgments have striking effects on how they perceive and interpret information.
• Heuristics are thinking strategies that enable quick and efficient judgments.
• Counterfactual thinking is the phenomenon of perceiving a relationship between variables even when no such relationship exists.
• A self-fulfilling prophecy is a belief that leads to its own fulfillment.
• The illusion of control is the phenomenon where people think they can predict or control chance events.
• Attribution theory analyzes how we explain people’s behavior and what we infer from it.
• Social cognition studies reveal that our information-processing powers are impressive for their efficiency and adaptiveness yet we are also vulnerable to predictable errors and misjudgements.
• Moods pervade our thinking and color how we judge our worlds partly by bringing to mind past experiences associated with the mood.
• Behavior confirmation is a type of self-fulfilling prophecy whereby people’s social expectations lead them to behave in ways that cause others to confirm their expectations.
• Dispositional attribution assigns the cause of behavior to some internal characteristic of a person rather than to outside forces.
• The Rosenthal effect refers to situations where high expectations lead to improved performance, while low expectations lead to poor performance.
• Situational Attribution is the process of assigning the cause of behavior to some situation or event outside a person’s control rather than to some internal characteristic.