Arts

• Renaissance, a French word that means “rebirth”
• Renaissance took place in Italy
• Because of its location in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, it became the center of commerce between Europe and Eurasia where exchanges of ideas, cultures and practices also occurred.
• Renaissance art has three major phases— Early, High, and Late Renaissance.
• Early Renaissance – This period was led by Donatello, Filippo Brunelleschi, and Masaccio.
• Early Renaissance - They created realistic figures depicting personality and behavior
• Late Renaissance – In this period, the use of oil-based paints
• Late Renaissance - mixing powder pigments with linseed oil was first tried by artists
• Late Renaissance -Subjects included Biblical characters and subjects from Roman and Greek mythology.
• Biblical characters, Greek and Roman mythology, and Madonna in art were the subject of the arts during Renaissance.
• Various art styles were used by different artist during the Renaissance to create a lifestyle that can be easily recognized as his own by using the elements of arts to emphasize certain ideas.
• Masaccio, a Renaissance painter, was known for creating artworks that seem to be alive, true, and natural.
• Masaccio - One of his known works is “The Holy Trinity” where he used chiaroscuro in the three-dimensional strong figures to give emphasis to the dramatic expression of the scene
• Masaccio was successful in achieving illusion of space and metrical coherence in his artwork. His influence directed painters away from the Gothic style and to a more realistic and natural interpretation of the world
• DONATELLO - Donato di Niccolo di Betto Bardi
• DONATELLO - Italian sculptor from Florence known for his work in bas-relief. (ba-relief)
• Bas-relief  is a form of shallow relief sculpture. This brought significant developments in perspective of illusionism during the 15th century.
• Some of his artworks are:

  1.      St. John the Evangelist – It displays an unparalleled mastery of perspective and was to be placed far above eye level.

  
• Some of his artworks are:

  1.      St. John the Baptist - Documented and dated 1457 on its wooden base, it carries on the incessant pulsing that animates the Judith and its expression of pain and grief comes very close to the wooden sculpture of Mary Magdalene in the Baptistery of Florence.

  
• Some of his artworks are:

  3. Statue of David - It was the first free-standing statue in the nude that was produced since ancient times and the first major work in the history of Renaissance sculpture

  
• High Renaissance – during this period, the known artists were Leonardo Da Vinci, Donato Bramante, Michel Angelo, Raphael, and Titian. High Renaissance focused on the creation of generalized style of art that focused on drama, balance, and physical presence
• MICHELANGELO (1475-1564) - Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni
• MICHELANGELO - Italian architect, engineer, painter, poet, and sculptor of the Renaissance.

  
• Some of his artworks are:

  1.      Pieta – It is a statue of the Virgin Mary mourning over the dead body of Jesus and known as the most famous Pieta ever made. Its beautiful mixture of design elements makes it one of the most valued statues in modern history.

  
• 2.      Statue of David – The statue which he worked on from 1499 to 1502 and has become one of the most recognized works of Renaissance sculpture, a symbol of strength and youthful beauty.

  
• 1.      The Last Judgement – It is a painting on the wall behind the altar of the Sistine Chapel with a huge scene. The work depicts the second coming of Christ.

  
• 4.      Dome of St. Peter’s Basilica – It is his most famous work of architecture—one of Christianity’s greatest monuments and symbol of the city of Rome.

  
• LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452-1519) - Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci
• LEONARDO DA VINCI - ·         architect, anatomist, botanist, cartographer, engineer, geologist, inventor, mathematician, musician, painter, sculptor, and writer.
• Some of his works are:  

  1.      Vitruvian Man - It is an example of the perfect physical man—the square and the circle being the spiritual representation of the perfect balance between masculinity and femininity.

  
• 1.      Last Supper – It used the principle of perspective to make emphasis on Jesus Christ at the center.

  
• 1.      Monalisa-  It is a figure of a woman, dressed in the Florentine fashion of her day and seated in a visionary, mountainous landscape. It is a remarkable instance of Leonardo's sfumato technique of soft, heavily shaded modeling.
• RAPHAEL (1438-1520) - Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino

  
• RAPHAEL - ·         apprentice of Petro Perugino in 1507. In his teens, he was tasked to paint for a church of San Nicola in Castello.

  ·         He was commissioned as a chief architect by Pope Julius II in 1514.
• RAPHAEL - ·         Some of his works are:

  1.      Mond Cruxification – It is a painting that shows Jesus on the cross, looking peaceful even though He is dying.

  
• The Triumph of Galatea – It is a painting which portrays an Ancient Greek Mythology story.

  
• 1.      The Wedding of the Virgin – It is a Christian art depicting the marriage of the Virgin Mary and Saint Joseph.

  
• 1.      School of Athens - This work was the most ambitious fresco in the Vatican. It symbolizes the marriage of art, philosophy, and science that was a hallmark of the Italian Renaissance.

  
• 1.      Saint George the Dragon – It is the most famous legend of Saint George slaying a dragon. In the Middle Ages, the dragon was commonly used to represent the Devil.