L1: Life and Works of Rizal

• The life and works of Rizal were included in the curricula of all public and private schools, colleges and universities during the first semester of school year 2022-2023.
• RA 1425, an act to include in the curricula of all schools, colleges and universities courses on the life, works and writings of Rizal, particularly his novels Noli me and El fili, was approved on June 12, 1956.
• The act re-dedicates the ideals of freedom and nationalism.
• The national hero and patriot are honored and remembered with special fondness and devotion for their lives and works that shaped the national character.
• The life, works and writings of Rizal are a constant and inspiring source of patriotism.
• All educational institutions regulated by statute are enjoined to teach duties of citizenship.
• The economy in the late 18th century was dominated by early phil merchants who traded with various countries including China, Japan, Siam, Cambodia, India, Borneo, and Molucca, and eventually closed the ports of Manila to all countries except Mexico.
• The galleon trade encompassed the export of mangoes, tamarind, rice, and carabao from Manila, Chinese tea, textiles, fireworks, stones, and tube (coconut wine).
• The birth of modernity emphasizes the break from traditional ways of life.
• The galleon system faced tough competitions as other nations became self-sufficient and preferred direct trade.
• The age of revolution saw the introduction of new modes of production, transportation, and communication.
• In 1762, the forces of the British East India Company captured Manila after fierce fighting.
• The opening of the Suez Canal on November 17, 1869, marked an easy passage between Spain and the Philippines for Spanish trading, significantly enhancing trade.
• Indian soldiers served as sesepoys.
• Diego Silang expelled the Spanish from the capital city of Vigan and set up an independent government in the Chinese community, resentful of Spanish discrimination.
• After the Seven Years War, through the Treaty of Paris, Manila was returned to Spain.
• The opening of ports to world trade by royal decree on September 6, 1834, allowed Manila to become the best city to exchange, drawing American, European, and Asian traders to its shores.
• Political power is acquired by religious orders, Roman Catholic hospitals and schools, and bishops, often through landholdings.
• The economy in the 19th century, as seen in the Rizal context, was characterized by an increased focus on individualism, rationality, and belief in progress and ability to shape the world through scientific, technological, and social advancement.
• Courses on the life, works and writings of Rizal, particularly his novels Noli me and El fili, shall be included in the curricula of all schools, colleges and universities.
• Taking a course on Rizal gives privilege to obtain various essential lifetime lessons and serves as worthwhile inspiration to every Filipino student.
• All schools, colleges and universities are obliged to keep in their library and maintain an adequate number of copies of original unexpurgated editions of Noli me and El fili, and other works and biography.
• The Spanish rule during the 18th Century had the legal status of lieutenant governor, frequently writing to the king.
• The Rizal bill demonstrates that nationalism origins in literature while claiming to govern literature.
• The R.A. 1425 has generated a new generation of independent Filipinos whose "national character" is shaped by literary works and acts.
• The R.A. 1425 requires all public and private schools, colleges and universities to include the life, works, and writings of Rizal in their curricula or syllabus with particular emphasis on two novels.
• Lawmakers who supported the passage of the law requiring courses on the life, works and ideas of Rizal firmly believed the importance of establishing a strong feeling of nationalism among youth, particularly in crucial years of their lives.
• The R.A. 1425 aims to rediscover the nation's origins through the lives and works of the national heroes.
• The R.A. 1425 obligates schools, colleges and libraries to keep sufficient quantity copies of two novels for the convenience of their students.
• Literature serves as a connection between universal principles of freedom and nationalism, with Rizal's novels functioning as artistic, physical instances of Filipino culture.
• National literature takes a mediating function, providing insights on how to deal with current problems and helping to better understand ourselves as Filipinos.
• In the 18th Century, Rizal was born during the Spanish rule.
• During the 18th Century, Spanish rule dominated the Audencia or high court, with the captain-general of the armed forces enjoying the privilege of engaging in commerce for private profit.
• The law imposed to continuous reading of a history of specific sorts of reading to ensure that we can reflect in our real life to be used for a lifetime.
• Noli me and El fili, and other works of Rizal are readily available for people in desire to read.
• The act does not constitute an amendment or repealing section 927 of the Administrative Code, which prohibits the discussion of religious doctrine by public and other persons engaged in public schools.
• An appropriation of 300 thousand pesos from the National Treasury is authorized to carry out the purposes of the act.
• The act takes effect upon its approval.
• Claro M. Recto was the main proponent of the bill.
• The Catholic Church opposed the bill because of Anti-Clericalism, the opposition to religious authority.