P2 LESSONS

• According to Barlow, anxiety is a negative mood state characterized by bodily symptoms of physical tension and by apprehension about the future.

  True
• Fear and anxiety reactions do not differ psychologically and physiologically.

  False
• All young children experience separation anxiety to some extent; this fear usually increases as they grow older. False
• Blood–injection–injury phobias almost always differ in their physiological reaction from people with other types of phobia. True
• Social and cultural factors are strong determinants of who develops and reports a specific phobia.True
• The physical symptoms associated with generalized anxiety and GAD do not differ somewhat from those associated with panic attacks and panic disorder. False
• In identifying the causes of General Anxiety Disorder, we can say that genetic contributions are the sole responsible for the occurrence of the disorder.False
• The term agoraphobia was coined in 1871 by Karl Westphal, a German physician, and, in the original Greek, refers to fear of the marketplace.

  False
• One hypothesis that panic disorder and agoraphobia evolve from psychodynamic causes suggested that early object loss and/or separation anxiety might predispose someone to develop the condition as an adult.True
• Psychological treatments are not proven that effective for panic disorder.False
• Agoraphobia is characterized by avoidance of situations where escape or access to safety may be difficult if a panic attack occurs. True
• Flashback when memories occur suddenly, accompanied by strong emotion, and the victims find themselves reliving the event
• Depersonalization disorder is a mental health disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of feeling detached from one's body or surroundings, as though observing oneself from outside one's own body, or being unreal or dreamlike.
• Dissociative amnesia is a dissociative disorder characterized by the inability to recall important autobiographical information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness.
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can occur following the experience or witnessing of a traumatic event such as military combat, natural disasters, terrorist incidents, serious accidents, or physical violence.
• Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

  pattern of behavior that involves inappropriate and overly familiar behavior with unfamiliar adults or relative stranger
• Reactive Attachment Disorder

  absent or underdeveloped attachment between the child and caregivers.
• Posttraumatic Stress Disordercan involve a variety of symptoms, including intrusive memories or recurrent and distressing dreams about the event, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, negative cognitions or impaired memory about aspects of the traumatic event, and increased arousal or reactivity.
• Adjustment Disorders The development of anxiety or depression in response to stressful, but not traumatic, life events.
• Attachment Disorder Disturbed and developmentally inappropriate behaviors in children, emerging before five years of age, in which the child is unable or unwilling to form normal attachment relationships with caregiving adults.
• Reactive Attachment Disorderdescribes children who are inhibited and emotionally withdrawn and unable to form attachment with caregivers.
• Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorderdescribes children who inappropriately approach all strangers, behaving as if they had always had strong loving relationships with them.
• CatharsisPsychoanalytic therapy, reliving emotional trauma to relieve emotional suffering.
• Crisis Intervention A treatment that emerged in response to especially stressful situations, be they disasters or family situations that have become intolerable.
• Psychological debriefingDesigned to help and speed up the healing process in people who have experienced disasters or been exposed to other traumatic situations.
• Posttraumatic Stress DisorderJack was involved in a car accident 6 weeks ago in which the driver of the other car was killed. Since then, Jack has been unable to get into a car because it brings back the horrible scene he witnessed. Nightmares of the incident haunt him and interfere with his sleep. He is irritable and has lost interest in his work and hobbies
• Acute Stress Disorder Judy witnessed a horrific tornado level her farm 3 weeks ago. Since then, she’s had many flashbacks of the incident, trouble sleeping, and a fear of going outside in storms.
• Dissociative Amnesia Mary can’t remember anything about her childhood. She thinks this may be related to an abusive relationship she had when she was younger.
• Adjustment disorderJake’s father died suddenly from heart disease last week. Jake feels sad but also angry at his dad for leaving him alone. His grades are slipping, and he’s having difficulty concentrating on schoolwork.
• Depersonalization/derealization disorder Lena often experiences feelings of detachment from herself and her surroundings. She describes feeling like she’s watching life happen around her rather than being part of it.
• Panic disorder Involves unexpected panic attacks followed by at least one month of persistent concern over having additional attacks, worry about the implications or consequences of the attack, or significant behavior change related to the attacks.
• OCD involves recurrent obsessions and compulsions that are time consuming and cause distress.
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Focuses on avoiding frightening or repulsive intrusive thoughts (obsessions) or neutralizing these thoughts through the use of ritualistic behavior (compulsions).
• Hoarding Disorder

  Characterized by excessive acquisition of things, difficulty discarding anything, and living with excessive clutter under conditions best characterized as gross disorganization.
• Trichotillomania Repetitive and compulsive hair pulling resulting in significant noticeable loss of hair.
• Body Dysmorphic Disorder

  A person who looks normal is obsessively preoccupied with some imagined defect in appearance (imagined ugliness).
• Compulsions

  The practices of washing, counting, and checking to suppress obsessions and provide relief are called
• Obsessions

  Intrusive and nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges an individual tries to eliminate or suppress.
• Exposure and ritual prevention

  A cognitive-behavioral treatment for OCD whereby the rituals are actively prevented and the patient is systematically and gradually exposed to the feared thoughts or situations.
• Neurosurgical Techniques

  A medication treatment for severe, intractable OCD and the person must not have responded to any of the known treatments such as medication or behavior therapy.