Pharmacology

• A prototype drug is the first drug of its class. Penecillin
• Drug classification is classified based on their effects on a particular body system
• Generic drug name is related to the official name of the drug ex acetaminophen
• Brand name is designated and patened by a manufacture Ex Tylenol
• Schedule 1 drug is totally banned Heroin
• Schedule 2 drug can be medically used but has high abuse potential morphine
• Schedule 3 drug like 1 and 2 but less potential for abuse ex steroids and depressants
• Schedule 4 drugs are perscription drugs with medical uses benzos
• schedule 5 drugs are over the counters OTC cough suppresants
• The Food and Drug and Cosmetic ACT of 1938 regulates the manufacture distribution advertising and labeling of drugs
• Drugs FDA must meet standards of purity and strength
• the comprehensive drug abuse and prevention control act of 1970 title 2 controlled substance act regulates the manufacture and distribution of narcotics stimulants and anabolic steroids
• The drug enforcement administration enforces the controlled substance act
• BBW stands for black box warning
• Black Box Warning are for drugs that cause serious adverse effects
• The QSEN (quality and safety education for nurses) are rules nurses should follow for safety
• Sources of drug information Pharm Textbooks, Drug reference books and PDR's
• Pharmacokinetics involves drug movement through the body to reach signs of action
• Absorbtion the process that occurs from the time the drug enters the bloodstream
• Onset of drug action is largely determined by the rate of absorbtion
• Distribution is transport of drug
• Protein binding is very important for distribution, It connects to a protein and ubers where it needs to go in the body
• Metabolism- the drugs are biotransformed or inactivated by the body.
• Drugs are excreted through the urin, kidneys, liver or lungs
• Drug Serum Level is the amount of a drug in the blood. reflects dosage and absorbtion
• Drug Action/ Receptor Theory is the expected pharmacological response when a drug is absorbed and sent to a receptor site
• Agonist drugs that produce similar effects to naturally occuring hormones or neurotransmitters
• Antagonist are drugs that inhibit cell function by occupying receptor sites
• Loading dose is extra antibiotic that aim to kill infection initially
• Maintanence dose is the normal dosage of antibiotic perscribed to a patient 1-2 pills a day
• Drug- Drug interactions are when two or more drugs interact with each other.
• Interference is two drugs that do not work well together
• Patient related variables are age, body weigh, genetics, Ethnicity and sex
• 65+ age may alter the pharmacological processes. GI system alot slower
• Pain medication for older patients should be closely monitored for effects
• Adverse effects of drugs are any undesired response to medication. All drugs have adverse effects
• Toxicology or drug overdose results from excessive amounts of a drug and can damage body tissues. Common in both adult and pediatric population
• Tolerance is when the body comes accustomed to a particular drug over time so that larger doses must be given to produce the same effects. (alcohol tolerance_)
• Tolerance to pharmacologically related drugs is called cross tolerance
• Main goals of overdose treatment: Start treatments soon after investigation, support and stabilize vital functions, prevent further damage by reducing absorbtion and increase elimination and administer antidotes when possible