IONIC BONDING

• WHAT IS IONIC BONDING?

  electrostatic force of attraction between cations (positive) and anions (negative)
• WHAT HAPPENS TO ELECTRONS IN IONIC BONDING?

  transfer
• DO METAL ATOMS GAIN OR LOSE ELECTRONS WHEN FORMING IONIC COMPOUNDS?

  lose
• DO NON-METAL ATOMS GAIN OR LOSE ELECTRONS WHEN FORMING IONIC COMPOUNDS?

  gain
• WHEN CAN IONIC COMPOUNDS CONDUCT ELECTRICITY?

  molten/ aqueous
• WHY CAN IONIC COMPOUNDS CONDUCT WHEN MOLTEN OR AQUEOUS?

  ions free to move
• WHAT HAPPENS TO AN IONS IONIC RADIUS WHEN AN ELECTRON IS ADDED?

  increases
• WHAT DOES MORE PROTONS DO TO THE IONIC RADIUS?

  decreases
• WHY DO IONS WITH MORE PROTONS HAVE A SMALLER IONIC RADIUS?

  greater electrostatic attraction
• HOW TO DETERMINE STRENGTH OF IONIC BONDS?

  smaller ions & greater charge on ions = stronger attraction
• PROPERTIES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS?

  • solid at room temperature
  • high melting/ boiling points
  • conduct electricity when molten/ in solution
  • brittle/ shatter easily
• WHY ARE IONIC COMPOUNDS SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE?

  • strong electrostatic attraction
  • between positive and negative ions
  • forms a crystal lattice
• WHY CAN IONIC COMPOUNDS CONDUCT ELECTRICITY WHEN MOLTEN/ IN SOLUTION?

  • ions in liquid are free to move
  • carry charge
  • ions in a solid are fixed in position
• WHY DO IONIC COMPOUNDS HAVE HIGH MELTING/ BOILING POINTS?

  • ions held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction
  • requires lots of energy to overcome
• WHY DO IONIC COMPOUNDS SHATTER EASILY/ ARE BRITTLE?

  • when stress applied
  • ions of same charge are brought side by side
  • repel each other
• WHAT IS ELECTRONEGATIVITY?

  measure of the tendency/ power of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons in covalent bond
• LEAST ELECTRONEGATIVE ELEMENTS?

  francium and caesium
• MOST ELECTRONEGATIVE ELEMENTS?

  fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen
• WHAT SCALE IS USED TO MEASURE ELECTRONEGATIVITY ACROSS THE PERIODIC TABLE?

  Pauling scale
• WHAT DOES THE PAULING SCALE STATES HAPPENS TO ELECTRONEGATIVITY ACROSS A PERIOD?

  increases
• WHAT DOES THE PAULING SCALE STATES HAPPENS TO ELECTRONEGATIVITY DOWN A GROUP?

  decreases
• WHY DOES ELECTRONEGATIVITY INCREASE ACROSS A PERIOD?

  atom size decreases
• WHY DOES ELECTRONEGATIVITY DECREASE DOWN A GROUP?

  atom size increases
• ARE SMALLER OR LARGER ATOMS MORE ELECTRONEGATIVE?

  smaller
• FACTORS AFFECTING ELECTRONEGATIVITY?

  • nuclear charge
  • distance between nucleus and outermost electron
  • shielding