ANACHEM 1

• Analytical Chemistry

  • A measurement science consisting of a set of powerful ideas and methods that are useful in all fields of science
• Qualitative analysis

  • Establishes the chemical identity of the species in the sample
• Quantitative analysis

  • Determines the relative amounts of these species, or analytes, in numerical terms.
• CHEMISTRY

  • Defined as the science that deals with the study of the changes in composition which matter undergoes and the transformation of energy accompanying these changes
• MATTER

  • Anything that has mass and occupies space (solid, liquid, and gas)
• Physical Property (Intrinsic and Extrinsic) - a property in matter on how matter appears in nature
• Chemical Property

  • The property in matter that enters into chemical reactions
• Physiological Property

  • The physiological behavior when taken into the body
• Physical

  • Involves in the changes in form and appearance, but without affecting their chemical nature.
• Chemical

  • Involves the changes in its composition
• Atom

  • The smallest particle of an element which enters into a chemical combination,

  composed of a nucleus and around it revolves the electrons
• Molecule

  The smallest particle of matter that can exist in a free state capable of entering into chemical change. A combination of atoms of the same kind or different atoms
• Element

  Simplest particle of matter which is incapable of being divided

  Can enter into chemical combination Cannot be decomposed into simpler materials by ordinary processes
• Mixture

  • A mass of ingredients with a variable proportion;
• Heterogenous mixture

  • A combination of 2 or more substances that can be separated one

  from the other by mechanical means
• Homogenous mixture

  • A combination of 2 or more substances that cannot be separated

  from one another by mechanical means, even by filtration and decantation
• Compound

  • a combination of two or more elements in a definite proportion - it must conform a general law that a

  compound would always have definite composition

  have definite composition at a definite proportion
• Isomorphous(Isomorphism)

  • If the different compounds crystallize in the same form
• Polymorphous(Polymorphism)

  • Compounds forming 2 or more different types of crystals
• Metamorphous

  • The same compound but can be changed into one form to another
• Isomeric(Isomerism)

  • A class of organic compounds in which compounds having the same molecular

  formula, but differs in physical and chemical properties
• Polymer(Polymorphism)

  A class of organic compounds in which two or more compounds have the same

  percentage of elements present in the compound

  Monomer, if the molecules of the compound is taken twice. Polymer, if taken more than twice
• Acids

  • A substance that produces hydrogen ion when dissolved in water
• Bronsted-LowryTheory

  • Acid is a proton donor, Base is an acceptor
• Lewiselectronictheory

  • Acid is a proton acceptor, Base is a donor
• Salts

  A substance whose water solution contains a positive ion other than the hydrogen ion and a negative ion other than the hydroxide ion
• Acid is sour in taste
• acid neutralizes base
• acid is a proton donor
• acid pH is below 7
• acid feels like water in normal skin but sting
• acid turns red litmus paper to red
• acid turn blue litmus paper to red
• base are bitter in taste
• bases neutralize acid
• bases accept proton
• bases have pH above 7
• base feels smooth and slippery when wet, but rough when dry
• base turns red litmus paper to blue
• ATOM

  • Defined as the smallest particle of an element that retains its chemical identity