Properties, Names and Formulas

• acids


  an aqueous solution that conducts electricity, tastes sour, feels "thin", turns blue litmus paper red, and neutralizes basic solutions
• all acids release at least one cation of hydrogen when they dissolve in water, as well as the corresponding anion
• the chemical formula for acids usually start with H and is usually followed by "(aq)"
• BINARY ACIDS (acid compounds with only two elements)

  • Hydrofluoric acid - HF(aq)
  • Hydrochloric acid - HCl(aq)
  • Hydrobromic acid - HBr(aq)
  • Hydrosulfuric acid - H2S(aq)

  OXYACIDS (related to polyatomic ions)

  • Acetic acid - HC2H3O2(aq)
  • Nitric acid - HNO3(aq)
  • Carbonic acid - H2CO3(aq)
  • Sulfuric acid - H2SO4(aq)
  • Phosphoric acid - H3PO4
• acids typically produce hydrogen when reacting with metals, and carbon dioxide when reacting with carbonate compounds
• bases are aqueous solutions that conduct electricity, tastes bitter, feel "slippery", turns red litmus paper blue, and neutralizes acids
• Most bases are ionic compounds containing either hydroxide or carbonate ions
• COMMON BASES

  • Sodium hydroxide - NaOH(aq)
  • Calcium hydroxide - Ca(OH)2(aq)
  • Ammonium hydroxide - NH4OH(aq)
  • Magnesium hydroxide - Mg(OH)2(aq)
  • Aluminium hydroxide - Al(OH)2(aq)
  • Sodium hydrogen carbonate* - NaHCO3

  *also known as baking soda
• acid-base indicators are substances that change colour depending on if it's in an acid or a base
• Synthetic indicators

  
• litmus indicator

  
• acid-base indicator