non-metal ions

• carbonate:

  • add dilute acid to sample
  • present = carbon dioxide gas
  • fizzing shows gas but to identify carbon dioxide
  • limewater
  • present = cloudy
• halide:

  • add dilute nitric acid to sample
  • add silver nitrate solution
  • present = precipitate of silver halide
  • silver CHLORIDE = white ; silver BROMIDE = cream ; silver IODIDE = yellow
• sulfates:

  • add dilute hydrochloric acid to sample
  • add barium chloride
  • present = white precipitate