bioenergetics
Cards (22)
- photosynthesis - the process by which green plants transform light energy into chemical energy.
- stomata - the minute pores which occur in the epidermis of plants.
- chloroplasts - organelles found within plant cells that contain chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for photosynthesis
- aerobic respiration - glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
- anaerobic respiration - glucose -> lactic acid (in muscle) or ethanol + CO2 (in yeast)
- osmosis - the movement of water molecules from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration
- diffusion - the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
- active transport - the movement of substances against their concentration gradient with energy input
- the function of the upper epidermis is to cover and protect the leaf.
- the function of the palisade mesophyll is to photosynthesise and absorb light
- the function of the spongy mesophyll is that it is full of airspace for the diffusion of gases
- the function of the stomata is to allow gasses in and out of the leaf.
- the phloem transports glucose and amino acids from the leaves to the rest of the plant
- the xylem transports water, minerals and dissolved sugars upwards through the stem
- transpiration - the movement of water through a plant from the roots where it leaves the leaf by evaporation.
- 4 factors that affect the rate of transpiration:
- temperature
- wind
- humidity
- light
- what are the 5 uses of glucose in plants?to produce cellulose, respiration, to make fats or oils, protein synthesis, starch
- what can limit photosynthesis?light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide intensity, chlorophyll levels in leaves
- fermentation - anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
- fermentation = glucose + oxygen -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
- what is oxygen debt?Accumulated deficit of oxygen in the body during intense exercise.
- anaerobic respiration during exercise - the incomplete breakdown of glucose in the muscles