Programming 1

• The line of code "len()" is used to count the number of characters in a string.

  This includes spaces
• The line of code "str.capitalize()" returns a string with the first character capitalised.
• The line of code "str.title()" returns a string with the first letter of each word capitalised.
• The line of code "str.swapcase()" swaps the case (lower to upper or vice versa)
• Subroutines have two categories, procedures and functions.
• A procedure executes a set of commands when it's called.

  (procedures do not return a value.)
• A function calculates or processes a value based on arguments given
• Functions can be called upon multiple times in a code once written.
• A return value is a value which is returned by a function
• A parameter is used in a subroutine to allow values to be passed into them.