FE PART 1

• What type of fermenters are Enterobacteriaceae?

  Non-lactose fermenters
• Which species of Yersinia are pathogenic in animals and humans?

  1. pestis, Y. enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis
• What disease does Yersinia pestis cause?

  Bubonic and pneumonic plague
• What are the clinical forms of Yersinia pestis infection?

  Bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic
• How does Yersinia pestis spread to humans?

  Through the oriental rat flea
• How many species of Proteus are there?

  Four species
• Which Proteus species is the most significant opportunistic pathogen?

  1. mirabilis
• What type of growth do Proteus species exhibit on agar media?

  Swarming growth
• Which sugars do Proteus species ferment?

  Glucose and xylose
• What is a key difference between P. vulgaris and P. mirabilis?

  1. vulgaris produces indole, P. mirabilis does not
• What conditions are associated with P. mirabilis infections?

  Diarrhea, otitis externa, urinary tract infections
• What is the morphology of Pseudomonas species?

  Medium-sized, gram-negative rods
• Where are Pseudomonas species commonly found?

  Water, soil, and plants
• What is a characteristic feature of P. aeruginosa colonies?

  Grape-like odor and diffusible pigment
• What type of aerobe is Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

  Obligate aerobe
• What are the pathogenic characteristics of P. aeruginosa?

  Produces toxins and enzymes for tissue invasion
• What is the primary specimen type for Pseudomonas laboratory examination?

  Pus, respiratory aspirates, mid-stream urine
• What is the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

  Low virulence but causes suppurative infections
• What disease does Actinobacillus equuli ssp. equuli cause?

  Neonatal septicemia of foals
• What type of bacteria is Actinobacillus?

  Gram-negative pleomorphic coccobacilli
• What is the growth requirement for Actinobacillus species?

  Some require NAD for growth
• What is the primary transmission route for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae?

  Direct contact or aerosol exposure
• What is the pathogenesis of Actinobacillus infections?

  Initiates inflammatory response due to LPS
• What are the common lesions associated with Actinobacillus infections in pigs?

  Fibrinous pneumonia and pleuritis
• What is actinobacillosis in ruminants?

  Wooden tongue caused by A. lignieresii
• What are the early signs of pneumonia in swine caused by Actinobacillus?

  Lameness, fever, and reduced appetite
• What is the morbidity rate of pneumonia in swine caused by Actinobacillus?

  40%
• What is the mortality rate of pneumonia in swine caused by Actinobacillus?

  24%
• What is the primary diagnosis method for necrobacillosis?

  Based on clinical signs and culture tests
• What is the major fermentation product of Fusobacterium?

  Butyric acid
• What are the three biotypes of F. necrophorum?

  A, B, and AB
• What is the primary habitat of F. necrophorum?

  GIT of animals and humans
• What is the primary treatment for foot rot caused by Fusobacterium?

  Antimicrobial agents and good hygiene
• What are the key characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

  • Medium-sized, gram-negative rods
  • Obligate aerobe
  • Produces blue-green pigment (pyocyanin)
  • Causes suppurative infections
  • Characteristic grape-like odor
• What are the important species of Actinobacillus and their associated diseases?

  • A. equuli ssp. equuli: neonatal septicemia of foals
  • A. pleuropneumoniae: porcine pleuropneumonia
  • A. lignieresii: pyogranulomatous inflammation in ruminants
  • A. suis: respiratory and septicemia in swine
• What are the common necrotic disease conditions associated with Fusobacterium?

  • Hepatic necrobacillosis
  • Necrotic laryngitis (calf diphtheria)
  • Interdigital necrobacillosis (foot rot)
• What are the treatment and control measures for Actinobacillus infections?

  • Good management and environmental practices
  • Minimizing contact with carrier animals
  • Vaccination strategies
  • Antimicrobial agents: penicillin G, tetracycline, gentamicin
• What family do Pasteurella, Actinobacillus, and Haemophilus belong to?

  Pasteurellaceae
• Name a genus in the Pasteurellaceae family.


  Pasteurella
• What is the shape of Pasteurella bacteria?

  Small, gram-negative rods or coccobacilli