CHEM : IMF solid/liquid

• Solubility refers to how well a substance can be dissolved in water or other liquids
• IMF = only for molecules
• Solid

  1. fixed postition and packed

  2. crystalline solid - packed in a 3d lattice structure
  3. Amorphous solid - random structure / not ordered
• Crystalline

  1. ionic
  2. molecular
  3. network
  4. metallic
• Liquid - connected but not as packed
• Ionic

  • held by electrostatic attraction
• Molecular

  -held by IMF
• Network

  -giant molecule held by covalent bonds
• Metallic

  -held by sea of electrons
• Network Ex:

  • SiO2
  • SiC
  • C
• Ionic properties:

  • strong bonds
  • high m.p
  • good conducters - only liquid
• Conductity depends on the motion of electrons
• Electrostatic Attraction MORE

  -bigger charge

  -smaller size
• Network

  • NO IMF
  • only covalent bonds
• C(diamond)

  • tetrahedral
  • crystalline
  • poor conducter
  • strong structure
  • high m.p
  • ONLY carbon
• C(graphite)

  • trigonal planar
  • crystalline
  • pibonds
  • floating e-
  • VERY good conducter
  • slippery feel
• C(coal)

  • amorphous
• Molecules

  • held by IMF
  • only Non Metals
  • poor conducters
  • low mp
• IMF

  1. LDF (weakest)
  2. D-D
  3. H-Bond (Strong)
• H-Bond

  • H and FON
  • they must be bonded/written next to each other
• D-D

  • polar molecules
• LDF

  • weak
  • every molecule has it
  • strong IMF = Large size
  • large LDF - large molecule - high mp/bp
• LDF depends on the size of the molecule - larger
• what types of bond-draw - polar - IMF - b.p
• liquids want to be gas
• constant evaporation and condesation
• Closed System

  • equilibrium
  • evaporation = condensation
• Open System

  • Evaporation greater than Condesation
• above a liquid you will always have a certain amount of gas
• Vapr Pressure

  -as temp goes up - more gass - more collision - more pressure

  -temp up = kinetic energy = more # of particles trnaforming into vapor = more v.p
• high vapor pressure = volatile
• strong IMF = less Vp
• more vp = weak IMF
• Boiling Point

  • vp of a liquis = pressure of surrounding atmosphere
  • constsnat tmep when added energy is used to vaporised the liquid
• Pvapor = Patmo = Boil
• boil

  1. increase the pressure of the gass
  2. decrease the pressure in the atmosphere
• boiling will happen when the vapor is greater than the atmo
• higher altitude = low temp = less gas = less vp
• normal boiling points

  • 1 atmo
  • 101.3 kpa
  • 760 torr
• Ionic

  • connected by electrostatic attraction - depends on size and charge - all solid at R.T