How does the compressibility of gases compare to that of solids?
Gases have high compressibility, solids have very low
What are the characteristics of solid, liquid, and gas states of matter?
Solid:
Shape: Fixed
Volume: Fixed
Compressibility: Very Low
Examples: Ice, Metal
Liquid:
Shape: Variable
Volume: Fixed
Compressibility: Low
Examples: Water, Oil
Gas:
Shape: Variable
Volume: Variable
Compressibility: High
Examples: Air, Steam
What determines the state of matter?
The arrangement of particles
What is the arrangement of particles in liquids?
Particles are packed more loosely with some movement freedom
What are the characteristics of particle arrangement in different states of matter?
Solid: Very close, regular, fixed arrangement
Liquid: Close, random, flexible arrangement
Gas: Far apart, random, free arrangement
How are particles arranged in solids?
Particles are tightly packed in a regular pattern
What are the characteristics of a solid state of matter?
Fixed shape and volume
Atoms/molecules are closely packed and vibrate in fixed positions
Incompressible and difficult to deform
What are the characteristics of a liquid state of matter?
Fixed volume but no fixed shape
Atoms/molecules are loosely packed and can flow past each other
Easily deformable but incompressible
What is the particle spacing in solids?
Very close
What are the three states of matter shown in the image?
Solid, liquid, gas
What type of arrangement do particles have in solids?
Regular, fixed
If you were to compress a gas, what would happen to its volume?
The volume would decrease significantly
What is the particle spacing in liquids?
Close
What are the characteristics of a gas state of matter?
No fixed shape or volume
Atoms/molecules are widely spaced and move randomly
Easily compressible and expandable
How do the volume characteristics of gases differ from those of solids?
Gases have variable volume, solids have fixed
How would the density of the three states of matter compare?
Solid: Highest density
Liquid: Intermediate density
Gas: Lowest density
What are the three states of matter shown in the image?
Solid, liquid, gas
What type of arrangement do particles have in gases?
Random, free
How do the particle interactions differ between the three states of matter?
In solids, particles are tightly bound and have strong interactions. In liquids, particles have moderate interactions allowing flow. In gases, particles have weak interactions and move freely.
How does the shape of solids differ from that of liquids?
Solids have a fixed shape, liquids do not
How can the state of matter be changed?
Increasing/decreasing temperature can cause changes between solid, liquid, and gas
Increasing/decreasing pressure can also cause changes between states
How do the particle arrangements differ between the three states of matter?
Solid: Particles are closely packed in a regular, ordered arrangement
Liquid: Particles are close together but not in a regular pattern, allowing them to flow
Gas: Particles are far apart and move randomly in all directions
What are the properties of the three states of matter?
Solid: High density, No compressibility, Low molecular motion, Fixed shape and volume
Liquid: Intermediate density, Low compressibility, Intermediate molecular motion, Not fixed shape but fixed volume
Gas: Low density, High compressibility, High molecular motion, Not fixed shape or volume
How would the compressibility of the three states of matter compare?
Solid: Least compressible
Liquid: Moderately compressible
Gas: Most compressible
What is the energy level of liquids?
Medium
What happens to particle movement as matter changes from solid to gas?
Particle movement increases
What is the particle movement in solids?
Vibrate in fixed positions
What is the compressibility of a liquid substance?
Low
What are the main properties of solids?
High density due to tightly packed particles
Fixed shape and volume
Virtually incompressible
How compressible are solids compared to other states of matter?
Virtually incompressible
What is the particle movement in gases?
Move freely in all directions
Describe the particle arrangement in gases.
Particles are widely spaced and move freely in a random pattern
What is the particle spacing in gases?
Far apart
How do the properties of solids relate to their particle arrangement?
Particles are tightly packed and fixed in position
What is the molecular motion of a gas substance?
High
Why do solids maintain a fixed shape and volume?
Particles can only vibrate in position
What is the density of a solid substance?
High
What does the solid representation in the image illustrate about solids?