2.1.2 Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases

• What are the three common states of matter?

  Solid, liquid, and gas
• What is the volume characteristic of liquids?

  Liquids have a fixed volume
• How does the compressibility of gases compare to that of solids?

  Gases have high compressibility, solids have very low
• What are the characteristics of solid, liquid, and gas states of matter?

  • Solid:
  • Shape: Fixed
  • Volume: Fixed
  • Compressibility: Very Low
  • Examples: Ice, Metal
  • Liquid:
  • Shape: Variable
  • Volume: Fixed
  • Compressibility: Low
  • Examples: Water, Oil
  • Gas:
  • Shape: Variable
  • Volume: Variable
  • Compressibility: High
  • Examples: Air, Steam
• What determines the state of matter?

  The arrangement of particles
• What is the arrangement of particles in liquids?

  Particles are packed more loosely with some movement freedom
• What are the characteristics of particle arrangement in different states of matter?

  • Solid: Very close, regular, fixed arrangement
  • Liquid: Close, random, flexible arrangement
  • Gas: Far apart, random, free arrangement
• How are particles arranged in solids?

  Particles are tightly packed in a regular pattern
• What are the characteristics of a solid state of matter?

  • Fixed shape and volume
  • Atoms/molecules are closely packed and vibrate in fixed positions
  • Incompressible and difficult to deform
• What are the characteristics of a liquid state of matter?

  • Fixed volume but no fixed shape
  • Atoms/molecules are loosely packed and can flow past each other
  • Easily deformable but incompressible
• What is the particle spacing in solids?

  Very close
• What are the three states of matter shown in the image?

  Solid, liquid, gas
• What type of arrangement do particles have in solids?

  Regular, fixed
• If you were to compress a gas, what would happen to its volume?

  The volume would decrease significantly
• What is the particle spacing in liquids?

  Close
• What are the characteristics of a gas state of matter?

  • No fixed shape or volume
  • Atoms/molecules are widely spaced and move randomly
  • Easily compressible and expandable
• How do the volume characteristics of gases differ from those of solids?

  Gases have variable volume, solids have fixed
• How would the density of the three states of matter compare?

  • Solid: Highest density
  • Liquid: Intermediate density
  • Gas: Lowest density
• What are the three states of matter shown in the image?

  Solid, liquid, gas
• What type of arrangement do particles have in gases?

  Random, free
• How do the particle interactions differ between the three states of matter?

  In solids, particles are tightly bound and have strong interactions. In liquids, particles have moderate interactions allowing flow. In gases, particles have weak interactions and move freely.
• How does the shape of solids differ from that of liquids?

  Solids have a fixed shape, liquids do not
• How can the state of matter be changed?

  • Increasing/decreasing temperature can cause changes between solid, liquid, and gas
  • Increasing/decreasing pressure can also cause changes between states
• How do the particle arrangements differ between the three states of matter?

  • Solid: Particles are closely packed in a regular, ordered arrangement
  • Liquid: Particles are close together but not in a regular pattern, allowing them to flow
  • Gas: Particles are far apart and move randomly in all directions
• What are the properties of the three states of matter?

  • Solid: High density, No compressibility, Low molecular motion, Fixed shape and volume
  • Liquid: Intermediate density, Low compressibility, Intermediate molecular motion, Not fixed shape but fixed volume
  • Gas: Low density, High compressibility, High molecular motion, Not fixed shape or volume
• How would the compressibility of the three states of matter compare?

  • Solid: Least compressible
  • Liquid: Moderately compressible
  • Gas: Most compressible
• What is the energy level of liquids?

  Medium
• What happens to particle movement as matter changes from solid to gas?

  Particle movement increases
• What is the particle movement in solids?

  Vibrate in fixed positions
• What is the compressibility of a liquid substance?

  Low
• What are the main properties of solids?

  • High density due to tightly packed particles
  • Fixed shape and volume
  • Virtually incompressible
• How compressible are solids compared to other states of matter?

  Virtually incompressible
• What is the particle movement in gases?

  Move freely in all directions
• Describe the particle arrangement in gases.

  Particles are widely spaced and move freely in a random pattern
• What is the particle spacing in gases?

  Far apart
• How do the properties of solids relate to their particle arrangement?

  Particles are tightly packed and fixed in position
• What is the molecular motion of a gas substance?

  High
• Why do solids maintain a fixed shape and volume?

  Particles can only vibrate in position
• What is the density of a solid substance?

  High
• What does the solid representation in the image illustrate about solids?

  Particles tightly packed, in fixed positions