Public health Section 2

• Virulence of pathogen refers to the ability of a pathogen to cause disease.
• The way for a pathogen to enter the body is a factor pertaining to the pathogen.
• The number of organisms that enter the body is a factor pertaining to the pathogen.
• Person's health status is a factor pertaining to the host.
• Person's nutritional status is a factor pertaining to the host.
• Susceptibility of the host is a factor pertaining to the host.
• Physical factors are factors pertaining to the environment.
• Availability of appropriate reservoirs is a factor pertaining to the environment.
• Sanitary and housing conditions are factors pertaining to the environment.
• Availability of potable water is a factor pertaining to the environment.
• Reservoir of infection is the source of microbes that cause infectious disease.
• Human carriers are people with infectious diseases.
• Carrier is a person who colonized with a particular pathogen, but the pathogen is not causing disease in that person.
• Bioterrorism is when members of a terrorist group use pathogens to create fear, chaos, illness, and death.
• Plague, also known as Ypestis, involves lymph nodes and can cause septicemic plague, septic shock, and pneumonic plague.
• Anthrax, also known as Bacillus Anthracis, causes hemorrhaging and serious effusions.
• The Department of Health (DOH) is headed by Dr. Teodoro J. Herbosa.
• Botulism, caused by Clostridium botulinum, is a potentially fatal microbial intoxication.
• In 1796, Edward Jenner created the smallpox vaccine.
• The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is headed by Mandy Cohen.
• In 1980, WHO declared smallpox eradicated.
• Smallpox is an acute, contagious disease caused by the variola virus, a member of the orthopox virus family.
• In 1948, the director-general of the World Health Organization (WHO) is Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.
• There are four pathogens in potential Biological Warfare and bioterrorism: Anthrax, Botulism, Plague, and Ypestis (Plague).
• Biological Warfare (BW) is the use of microorganisms in times of war.
• Francisella tularensis is the cause of tularemia.
• CJ Disease is the infection of ingesting mad cow disease.
• Incubatory carriers are persons who are capable of transmitting a pathogen during the incubation period of a particular disease.
• The chain of infection has 6 components: infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.
• Strategies for breaking the chain of infection include eliminating or containing the reservoirs of pathogen, preventing contact, eliminating transmission, blocking exposure to entry pathways, and eliminating susceptibility.
• The World Health Organization (WHO) is a global health agency that aims to promote health, keep the world safe, and serve the vulnerable.
• Salmonellosis is the infection of ingesting salmonella bacteria.
• Rabies is a disease that can affect dogs, cats, bats, and skunks, and they are the reservoir of rabies.
• Passive carriers carry the pathogen without having the disease.
• Animals are a source of infectious diseases that humans acquire, known as zoonotic diseases.
• Convalescent carriers can transmit the pathogen while recovering from the disease.
• Non-living reservoirs include air, food and milk, human and animal fecal matter, and fomites or infectious objects.
• Toxoplasmosis is caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii.
• Active carriers are completely recovered from the disease, but continue to harbor the pathogen.
• Psittacosis or parrot fever is an infection that can be acquired from infected birds.