Lab: Blood

• what device is used to separate whole blood into 3 layers?

  centrifuge
• what are the heaviest cells in whole blood?

  erythrocytes
• which formed element transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the body?

  erythrocytes
• platelets aggregate at the site of blood vessel damage to form the soft platelet plug
• which formed element secretes factors necessary for hemostasis?

  platelets
• which leukocyte has no phagocytic properties?

  lymphocyte
• which leukocyte reduces inflammation?

  eosinophils
• eosinophils have increased number in the presence of allergies and parasitic infections
• basophils release histamine and other chemicals
• which leukocyte promotes inflammation in damaged tissue?

  basophils
• monocytes leave the bloodstream and enter the tissues as macrophages
• which leukocyte becomes part of the lymphatic system?

  lymphocytes
• some lymphocytes produce antibodies to remove viruses and foreign proteins
• what gives blood its red color?

  hemoglobin
• the blood clotting process is called hemostasis
• thrombo- means clot
• what is the condition of low blood platelet count called?

  thrombocytopenia
• low blood platelet count may cause excessive bleeding due to delayed blood clotting
• an increased leukocyte count is known as leukocytosis
• a decreased leukocyte count is known as leukopenia
• low neutrophil count is known as neutropenia
• high neutrophil count is known as neutrophilia
• what kind of leukocyte is this?

  neutrophil

  
• what color is the nucleus of a neutrophil?

  purple
• eosinophils have bright orange-red cytoplasmic granules
• the primary function of eosinophils is to attack parasites too large to be engulfed
• which leukocyte is usually the most difficult to locate?

  basophils
• which leukocyte is this?

  basophil

  
• which is the largest leukocyte by size?

  monocyte
• which leukocyte is this?

  monocyte

  
• what is the smallest leukocyte by size?

  lymphocyte
• what are the 3 types of lymphocytes?

  1. B lymphocytes
  2. cytotoxic T lymphocytes
  3. natural killer cells
• B lymphocytes mature into plasma cells that produce and secrete antibodies
• which type of lymphocyte kills virus-infected cells?

  natural killer
• which leukocyte is this?

  lymphocyte

  
• in leukemia, an extremely large number of leukocytes spill out into the bloodstream and infiltrate other body tissues
• in acute leukemia, the abnormal leukocytes are primarily immature and non-functioning
• in chronic leukemia, there are fewer immature leukocytes
• the different formed elements are all derived from pluripotent stem cells
• pluripotent means the cell has the potential to differentiate into 2 or more different types of cells