US HISTORY

• Latin countries are countries below the U.S.
• Hispanic countries are Spanish speaking countries. These include the Mexico, the left side of South America, and Spain
• Panama:

  • Staged a revolution and won their independence with U.S. intervention, agreeing to build a canal to support trade
  • Fought for independence from Columbia
  • Above Columbia; in Central America
  • Motivation: Economic
  • Type of Imperialism: Sphere of influence
  • Foreign Policy: Roosevelt Corollary
• Philippines:

  • Fought for independence from Spain then the U.S.
  • In Asia
  • Motivation:

  1. Economic - saw as an opportunity to have access to Chinese trade markets
  2. Political - feared Japan or Germany would take over the islands
  3. Religious - opportunity to spread Christianity
  4. Ideological - belief in White Man’s Burden and intended to modernize the islands

  • Type of Influence: Colony
  • Foreign Policy: Our America Policy
• Hawai’i

  • Fought for global recognition but was controlled by the U.S.
  • Bottom left of U.S.
  • Motivation:

  1. Economic - sugar business & foreign trade thrived
  2. Political - overthrow of monarchy allowed U.S. to take over

  • Type of Imperialism: Colony
  • Foreign Policy: Roosevelt Corollary
• Puerto Rico:

  • Ruled by a U.S. governor and executive council
  • Leftmost island in the area where Dominican Republic is, in the Caribbean
  • Motivation:

  1. Political - was given by Spain via treaty; gave the U.S. more land, power, and status
  2. Economic - used supplies provided to grow wealth.

  • Type of Imperialism: Colony
  • Foreign Policy: Dollar Diplomacy
• Dominican Republic:

  • President Taft established U.S. businesses here along with troops; ”teaching“ the nation how to establish law and order.
  • The middle country between Haiti and Puerto Rico; Caribbean
  • Motivation: Economic - due to the country being in debt & no system of government, U.S. took advantage.
  • Type of Imperialism: Sphere of Influence
  • Foreign Policy: Dollar Diplomacy
• China:

  • In Asia
  • Motivation: Economic - Machu dynasty’s downfall due to underdeveloped miltia led to Russia and Japan demanding trade privileges
  • Type of Imperialism: Sphere of Influence
  • Foreign Policy: Open Door Policy - though benefited Western trade, but did little to rid of foreign interference in customs and culture.
• Cuba:

  • Long strip of land next to Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico; in the Caribbean
  • Motivation: Economic - sugar plantations drew interest from economically interested countries
  • Type of Imperialism: Protectorate
  • Foreign Policy: Our America Policy
• Mexico:

  • Its general seized power with the interference of the U.S. Embassy and foreign investors who wanted “stability” in the country
  • Below the U.S.; North America
  • Motivation: Economic - U.S. invested which led to poor and desperate state
  • Type of Imperialism: Sphere of Influence
  • Foreign Policy: Good Neighbor Policy
• The countries that pressured China to open up trade were:

  • Japan
  • Russia
  • U.S.
  • U.K.
  • Germany
  • France
• The four motivations of imperialism are:

  • Economic
  • Political
  • Religious
  • Ideological
• Nationalism:

  Using one’s nation as identification, excluding the interest of other nations.
• White Man’s Burden:

  The idea that the white man has a duty to civilize the rest of the world.
• Social Darwinism: the idea that the poor are the weak and unfit.
• Colony:

  a country/territory governed by a foreign power
• Protectorate:

  country/territory with internal government, but is still controlled by outside power
• Sphere of Influence:

  area in which outside power gets investment and trading privileges.
• Private Investors:

  independent but less-developed nation controlled by private business interests.
• Washington’s Farewell Address:

  Washington states that as a smaller nation, they cannot be dependent to Britain because attachment is bad.
• Monroe Doctrine:

  defends independence in the Americas
• Our America Policy:

  When Cuba is ready to fend off the U.S. if they do anything harmful.
• The Open Door Policy:

  policy in China where all nations would have equal trading and development rights.
• Roosevelt Corollary:

  When a Latin country does something wrong, the U.S. can intervene in their internal affairs.
• Dollar Diplomacy:

  Using money instead of bullets and/or militia to gain international recognition.
• Moral Diplomacy:

  implied by president Woodrow Wilson to promote democracy and peace.
• Good Neighbor Policy:

  everyone who respects themselves must respect others
• Spanish-American War:

  USS Maine sank due to some explosion, blamed towards Spanish and started war.
• Philippine-American War:

  • Armed conflict led to the Philippines fighting for their independence
  • US imperialist expansion was either seen as a moral duty or dangerous.
• Anti-Imperialist League:

  Wanted the Philippines to gain their freedom since it contradicts the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution
• Cultural Assimilation:

  Adopting the majority’s lifestyle
• Colonial Mentality:

  Belief that colonizer’s cultural values are more important than one’s own
• Colorism:

  light-skinned are more privileged than dark-skinned
• Laissez-faire: the people are the ones in control of businesses, not the government
• corporation: an organization run by many but seen as one by the government
• monopoly: a single company taking over an entire market
• Andrew Carnegie: a Scottish immigrant who rose from a worker at a textile factory to a steel company owner in Pittsburgh
• AFL: American Federation of Labor; an organization of delegates that aimed to:

  1. convince companies to recognize unions and to agree on collective bargaining
  2. push for closed shops
  3. promote eight-hour workdays
• Samuel Gompers: first leader of the AFL