Normative Ethics Basics

• Preferences depend on certain things, not least the extent of..

  A person's self-awareness
• Singer argues that a preference utilitarian is obligated to respect the wishes of a dead person who wishes their money to go to an animal charity rather than consider the pleasure of the majority which would require the money to go to a homeless charity.

  Yes
• Nozick's Experience Machine thought experiment aims to show..

  That we seek pleasure/happiness but these aren't of ultimate value.
• Which approach argues that utility and justice need to be closer aligned?

  Strong Rule
• People should be guided by general principles which over time have been shown to promote the greatest happiness. Which type of Utilitarianism is this?

  Rule
• Who are the ones able to best advise us on the qualitative nature of pleasure?

  Competent judges
• Bentham's Act Utilitarian is egalitarian, yes or no.

  Yes
• Which two make up part of the Hedonic Calculus?

  Purity and intensity
• Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as to determine what we shall do.' Who said this?

  Bentham
• Having the right intention. You should only act for the sake of duty and not for the sake of benefit, curiosity, or obedience to someone in authority. What does Kant call this?

  The Good will
• You have this when you act freely and rationally, without compulsion from another, or provoked by desire within. Is this the heteronomous will?

  No it is the autonomous will
• You are in a remote mountain village. A group of terrorists has lined up 20 people from the village; they plan on shooting them for collaborating with the enemy. Since you are not from the village, you will not be killed. You convince the leader that it is not necessary to kill all 20. He takes a gun, empties it of all its bullets except one, and then hands it to you. He has decided to kill only one villager to set an example to the rest. If you refuse to kill the villager, then they will kill all 20. So you do it. Is this one of Fletcher's examples?

  No
• Which two compose part of the Fundamental Principles of Situation Ethics

  Love and justice are the same; love wills the good of the other
• Invincible ignorance means

  An ignorance for which we are not responsible, so we aren't guilty of the action.
• Proportionalism argues that...

  We should consider agape when looking at the consequences of enacting Natural Law
• Phronesis means

  Practical reason
• Doctrine of Double Effect seeks to


  Show that a person is not guilty of an action because they didn't have the intention to perform it.
• How many secondary precepts are there?

  Innnumerable
• How many primary precepts are there?

  5