Population genetics

• Population: A group of individuals who share a common set of genes and live in the same geographic area.
• Gene Pool: The set of all genes in any population, usually a particular species.
• Population Genetics: Concerning genetic traits in large numbers of individual.
• Hardy-Weinberg Principle: states that the allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences.
• Allele Frequencies: The frequency of occurrence of proportions of different alleles of a particular gene in a given population.
• Hardy-Weinberg Problem: The sum of all possible outcomes must equal 1.
• Factors Affecting Frequencies: Mutation, Migration, Natural Selection.
• Mutation: The origin of new genetic capabilities in populations by means of spontaneous heritable changes in genes.
• Migration: Gene flow, the movement of organism among subpopulation within a larger population.
• Natural Selection: Resulting from the different abilities of organism to survive and reproduce in their environment, it is the primary process by which populations of organism become progressively better adapted to their environments.
• Genetic Drift: It describes how allele frequencies fluctuate randomly from one generation to the next, and tends to reduce genetic variation through loses of alleles.