Y9 TOPIC 2

• • M - minerals
  • V - vitamins
  • F - fats
  • C - carbohydrates
  • P - protein
  • F - fibre
  • W - water
• Fats or lipids are needed to provide 2x Enzymes, Hormones and Insulation
• Fats or lipids are needed to provide 2x Enzymes, Hormones and Insulation
• Examples of Complex carbohydrates:

  • Starch [stored in plant]
  • Glycerol [stored in animals/fungi]
  • Cellulose [found in cell walls of plant]
• Starch -(amylse)-> maltase -(maltase)-> glucose
• Protein -(protease)-> amino acids
• Lipids -(lipase)-> Glycerol
• STARCH TEST:

  1. add yellow iodine, positive results turns black
• SUGARS TEST:

  1. add blue benedict's solution
  2. add to a water bath at 70-80oC
  3. if it goes orange or brick red
• FATS TEST:

  1. add blue biuret solution
  2. add a little water - shake, positive result turns red line top
• a lack of Calcium or vitamin D could result in rickets
• A lack of vitamin C could result in scurvy
• a lack of fibre could result in constipation
• To much fibre could result in Diarrhea
• RESPIRATION WORD EQUATION:

  Glucose + oxygen --> energy + Carbon dioxide + water
• RESPIRATION SYMBOL EQUATION:

  C6H206 + O2 --> energy + Co2 + H2O
• C - change

  O - organism

  R - repeat

  M - measure

  S - same
• The long tube from the mouth to the anus is called the alimentary canal
• food enters the moth from mechanical mastication
• Food passes through the body by the process of peristalsis
• The small intestine has specialised features to speed up the diffusion into the blood; they're called vili
• The pancreas produces enzymes and hormones
• the liver makes bile and also stores simple sugars as more complex glycogen for se thought out the day
• The gall bladder stores bile
• Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body, and help with digestion
• Enzymes have a specific shape that fits perfectly with the substrate
• The enzyme and the substate fit together at the active sight
• Vili increases the surface area , they are thin so not far to travel, and they are surrounded by blood capillary's to maintain a concertation gradient to help diffusion