Ch 5: Community Ecology

• Biotic interactions are not permanent and can change over time.
• Biotic interaction: Competition, negative impact to both parties
• Biotic interaction: Amensalism, presence is negative to one party but the other one doesn't benefit
• Biotic interaction: Predation/herbivory/parasitism, positive to one and negative to other party
• Biotic interaction: Mutualism, positive to both parties
• Biotic interaction: Commensalism, positive to one and neutral to the other
• Biotic interaction: neutralism, neutral to both parties
• Intraspecific competition: same species competing
• Interspecific competition: different species competing
• Resource Competition: scramble, don't interact but lose resources because less available than before
• Interference Competition: come together and fight for resources, could be the same species
• Fundamental niche: what a population is capable of using
• Realized niche: what a population actually utilizes
• Predator-prey relationship: One goes up then the other goes down, they follow each other in numbers
• Character displacement: shifting of closely related traits due to competitive interactions. Evolution starts to happen
• Antipredator Strategies: Chemical defense, Cryptic coloration, mimicry, displays of intimidation, fighting/defenses
• Mullerian mimicry: toxic species that have a similar pattern
• Batesian mimicry: a species mimics another species to trick predators
• Species richness: number of species
• Species abundance: number of individuals/species
• Shannon diversity index: combines richness and diversity
• Alpha diversity: diversity at a particular site
• Beta diversity: diversity between sites
• Gamma diversity: combines alpha and beta