2020 - Ch 12: China and the Mongols

• Peasant that would rise up, overthrow the Yuan dynasty, & establish the Ming Dynasty.

  ZHU YUANZHANG
• Largest Chinese dynasty in this chapter.

  YUAN
• Chinese dynasty that had a combination of Mongol & Chinese influences

  YUAN
• Country that borders China that Kublai Khan could not conquer (NOT INDIA).

  VIETNAM
• Mongol rule in China ended in a rebellion led by a destitute/poor __ (social class).

  PEASANT
• One result of the travels of _ _ is that interest in Asian cultures & trade increased

  MARCO POLO
• Famous foreign visitor to the court of Yuan dynasty

  MARCO POLO
• What pandemic killed 30 to 40 million of Yuan China's population & then traveled westward to the Middle East & Europe? Also known as the Black Death

  BUBONIC PLAGUE
• Country the Mongols were unable to conquer due to their fleet being wiped out by a typhoon or "kamikaze" during their attempted invasion.

  JAPAN
• Capital of the Yuan Dynasty.

  KHANBALIK
• What factors led to the decline and fall of the Yuan?

  The death of Kublai Khan in 1294, members argued over right-to-rule, rebellions, official corruption, economic problems, disease, flood, famine, the Mongols were overthrown from China in 1368.
• How did Kublai Khan effect Chinese economy?

  Traders were safe across Asia and created foreign contracts were established and unique trade items such as porcelain and silk
• Who was Marco Polo?

  Venetian (Italian) traveler who traveled to China and wrote about his experience there.
• In what ways was Kublai Khan "not a typical Mongol"?

  He liked living in a luxurious manner, he abandoned the Mongolian steppe, did not dislike the settled life
• Who was given leadership roles in the government?

  The Mongols kept Chinese government leaders at lower positions to run the local government but kept high-ranking positions to themselves
• Describe the Mongols attempt to conquer Japan

  In 1274 and 1266 the Great Khan sent huge fleets against Japan, forced Koreans to build, sail, and provide provisions for the boats, Japanese forces forced the fleets back, a second fleet with 150,000 Mongol, Chinese, and Korean warriors, a typhoon destroyed the fleet
• What cultural and scientific exchanges occurred under the Yuan?

  Several missionaries were granted free passage and allowed to spread their religions to China printing, gunpowder, the compass, paper currency, and playing cards
• What is Beijing? What did Kublai Khan do there?

  Place of the capitol during Kublai's rule, increased his prestige, by doing this Kublai showed how he intended to make his mark on the emperor of China
• Why was the Yuan dynasty important?

  United China for the first time in 300 years, opened China to greater foreign contracts and trade, made few changes to the system of government
• What is the Yuan Dynasty?

  New dynasty in China founded by Kublai Khan, lasted until 1368, united China for the first time in 300 years
• How did the Mongols unify China?

  The Great Khan destroyed regional rulers in southern China and encouraged restoration of Chinese government and society
• How did the Mongols rule China?

  The Mongols let other leaders from China rule but kept themselves to high positions
• Who is Kublai Khan?

  Grandson of Genghis Khan, assumed the title of Great Khan in 1260, ruled the entire Mongol Empire in theory
• A circular tent of felt or skins on a collapsible framework, used by nomads in Mongolia

  YURTS
• To pay money in order not to be destroyed. (A tax!!!)

  TRIBUTE
• Chinese Dynasty that was conquered by the Mongols.

  SONG
• Today, there are around ___million direct descendants of Genghis Khan.

  SIXTEEN
• The __ __ flourished under Mongol rule because they controlled all parts of it, which allowed for relatively easy exchange & safety

  SILK ROAD
• The Mongols conquered more territory in 25 years than this empire did in 400 years

  ROMANS
• The Mongols were a ___ , meaning pastoral people from the region of modern day Mongolia.

  NOMADIC
• Genghis Khan did not persecute people based on _.

  RELIGION
• Mongol translation of the word "Great Leader" or "Universal leader"

  KHAN
• Usually during Mongol domination, most cultures did not enjoy a __ ___ (a period where the arts & education flourish)

  GOLDEN AGE
• Chinggis Khan & __ Khan are considered the same person.

  GENGHIS
• The most effective Mongol troops were _ (fighters on horseback) armed with bows & arrows

  CAVALRY
• The Mongols were not known for achievements in __ (design & construction of buildings)

  ARCHITECTURE
• Mongol battle tactics were extremely poor in this type of topography.

  JUNGLE
• After Genghis's death, his empire was divided into ___ Khanates.

  FOUR
• Capital of the Mongol empire.

  KARAKORUM
• The Chinese term __ _ meant Paper money printed by the government as a substitute for heavy copper currency

  FLYING CASH