T2 L2: Intro to Respiratory Pathophysiology

Cards (29)

  • Low arterial blood gas reading shows?
    hypoxaemia
  • Low blood O2 sats show?
    hypoxia
  • Method to measure O2 in arterial plasma?
    arterial blood gases
  • Method to measure percentage of haems in Hb having O2 bound in blood?
    Blood O2 Saturation
  • Method to asses O2 in blood which detects hypoxaemia directly?
    arterial blood gas sampling
  • Method to asses O2 in blood which detects hypoxia in finger capillaries?

    pulse oximetry
  • High levels of carbon dioxide in blood is called?
    hypercapnia
  • Which is more sensitive: PaO2 or O2 saturation?
    PaO2
  • Type of hypoxia in which not enough oxygen enters the alveoli; implies problem is in lungs?
    hypoxic hypoxia
  • Low minute ventilation (low tidal volume) is called?
    hypopnoea
  • Low breathing rate is called?
    bradypnoea
  • State where breathing stops, muscle respiration stops?
    apnoea
  • A state of confusion, stupor, euphoria?
    narcosis
  • Obstructive pathology when airways are inflamed with mucus, obstructing airways?
    chronic bronchitis
  • Obstructive pathology when alveoli are inflamed and alveolar walls are destroyed, reducing alveolar surface area?

    emphysema
  • Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are part of which disease?
    Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
  • 'Blue bloaters' :
    • productive cough
    • small airways,
    • clogged,
    • gas trapping in chest,
    • prevents expiration,
    • CO2 insensitive
    • remain cyanotic?
    bronchitis symptoms
  • 'Pink puffers' ;
    • amalgamation (uniting) of alveoli
    • weakened walls that collapse shut
    • puffing to maintain airways & alveoli open
    • successfully oxygenated?
    emphysema symptoms
  • Stiff or malformed chest wall?
    kyphoscoliosis
  • Hole that allows movement of fluids?
    shunt
  • When deoxygenated blood mixes with HbO2, it equilibrates with fully saturated blood, stealing some of its O2.
    Net effect: all arterial blood has slightly lower O2 saturation.?
    venous admixture
  • Name of veins that are shunt in healthy?
    thebesian veins
  • Scarring and thickening of lung tissue;
    • diminishes lung function
    • progressive
    • more fibres and connective tissue?
    pulmonary fibrosis
  • Name of Alveolar to arterial gradient of O2. If too high, means gas transfer has a problem.
    A-a gradient
  • Pathology when fluid leaks out of capillaries. Diffusion limitation.
    pulmonary oedema
  • Diffusion limitation is a possible cause of high A-a gradients.
  • Airways with fluid collapse, so it is possible to hear fine crackles. Small airways 'pop' open during inspiration.
  • Medical emergency where abnormal rapid, deep, laboured breathing at a consistent pace. Possibly due to advanced metabolic acidosis.
    Kussmaul breathing
  • Causes of low O2 saturation?
    • insufficient ventilation (low O2 in alveoli)
    • poor gas exchange at alveoli (oedema or thickened parenchyma)
    • Mixture of blood having high O2 sat and low O2 sat