PE paper 1

• Respiratory system:

  pathway of air

  1. mouth and nose
  2. trachea
  3. bronchi
  4. bronchioles
  5. alveoli
• what is alveoli?

  Air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. gaseous exchange
• what are synovial joint?

  Joints that are freely movable and contain synovial fluid.
• what is a ligament?

  connect bone t bone to stabilise joint
• what is a tendon?

  connect muscle to bone to allow movement
• what is the cartilage?

  protects the ends of the bones from friction and rubbing
• 1 2 3

  F L E
• what is an example of a 1st class lever?


  heading a ball in football
• what is an example of a 2nd class lever?

  a take off in high jump
• what is an example of a 3rd class lever?

  bicep curl
• what is aerobic exercise?

  Exercise that requires oxygen and increases heart rate and breathing, it is continuous but low intensity. lactic acid is not produced
• what is an example of areobic exercise?

  marathon running
• what is anaerobic exercise?

  exercise which does not allow strong use of oxygen. Shorts burts od energy with a rest. An high intensity exercise and lactic acid is produced.
• what is an example of anaerobic exercise?

  sprinting
• what is the test for strength?

  grip strength dynamometer test
• what is the test for power?

  vertical jump test
• what are the principles of training?

  SPOR

  specificty

  progression

  overload

  reversibility
• what is specificity?

  training that is relevant to the sport.

  e.g. sprinter will do sprints for speed.
• what is progression?

  the amount of work you should do gradually get harder over time.

  e.g. add more reps not a circuit every two weeks
• What is overload?


  working harder in a session than normal

  e.g. Adding more training sessions in per week.
• what is reversibility?

  your performance can get worse if training stops

  e.g. Getting an injury or taking a holiday so fitness levels drop/
• why do you need to cool down?

  • gradually return the body back to resting state
  • gradually reduces heart rate and breathing rate
  • gradually reduces muscle temperature
  • speeds up the removal of lactic acid
  • reduces the risk of soreness and stiffness in muscles
• name the bones in your body from head to toe: cranium, vertebrae, clavicle, scapular, ribs, sternum, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, pelvis, Fermin, patella, tibia, fibular, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.
• what are the types of synovial joint?

  hinge and ball and a socket
• what bones articulate at the hip joint?

  Femur and pelvis.
• example of flexion: bending at the elbow when performing a bicep curl.
• example of extension: straightening your kneww in a upwards phase of an squat
• example of rotation: golf swing
• example of abduction: legs moving away from your body in n upwards phase of a star jump
• example of adduction: legs moving inwards on a downwards phase of a star jump.
• name the muscles in your body from top to bottom:

  • deltoid
  • trapeziuses
  • pectorals
  • biceps
  • triceps
  • latissimus dorsi
  • abdominals
  • gluteals
  • quadriceps
  • hamstrings
  • tibialis anterior
  • gastrocnemius
• describe the double circulatory system: takes oxygenated bloods to the muscles and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
• describe the pulmonary circuit: takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get oxygenated.
• what does the right side of the heart do?

  pumps deoxygenates blood
• what does the left side of the heart do?

  pumps oxygenated blood
• what are red blood cells?

  • transports oxygen
  • contains haemoglobin
  • made in bone marrow
• what diffusion?

  the movement of molecules for an area os high concentration to and area of low concentration
• what is gaseous exchange?

  movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and capillaries
• there is a higher concentration of oxygen in the alveoli than the capillary blood so oxygen diffuses into the blood stream
• what is the cardiovascular endurance?

  the ability to continuously exercise without tiring