History Notes thus far

• The Canadian Pacific Railway was built by Prime Minister John A Macdonald due to initial difficulties in transportation.
• Despite a bribe, Macdonad was re-elected in 1878 and completed the railway in 1885, benefiting Canada economically through shipping and increased settlements.
• Stampeders stormed the Klondike area after gold discovery, attracting around 100,000 prospectors.
• Many prospectors were disappointed due to the winter season and long journey.
• News of Alaska gold discovery led many prospectors to leave, leaving most without wealth, except for a few lucky prospectors living extravagant lives.
• The creation of the Yukon Territory was made due to the proof of resources in Klondike.
• Alexander Graham Bell, 1847-1922, is known for inventing and patenting the first telephone.
• John A D McCurdy, 1886-1961, is known for contributions in the field of Canadian aviation, such as launching the “silver dart”.
• Martha Black, 1866-1957, is known for being the second woman ever to be elected in the House of Commons.
• James Naismith, 1861-1939, is known for inventing basketball.
• Elijah McCoy, 1844-1929, is known for having produced more patents than any other Black inventor up to that time.
• William Peyton Hubbard, 1842-1935, is known for fighting for public ownership of Toronto’s water and hydroelectric systems and also for his efforts in eliminating discrimination.
• There was a lot of immigration to Manitoba in the 1880s, with many immigrants speaking English as their first language.
• In 1890, the government in Manitoba agreed to remove French as an official language, also deciding to remove Catholic schools from the publicly-funded education system.
• Trade unions emerged due to poor factory working conditions, demanding change from religious organizations, social reform groups, and trade unions to protect employee rights and prevent exploitation.
• Mass production of goods reduced Indigenous peoples ability to sell their own goods, leading to economic decline.
• Industrialization in Canada has led to increased urbanization, affecting Indigenous peoples' livelihoods and economies.
• Industrialization has contributed to the growth of cities and the development of infrastructure.
• The Boer War (1899-1902) was Canada's first foreign war, involving the British and Afrikaner Republics.
• When asked, Canada offered to assist Britain by sending volunteers, leading to Britain winning the war in 1902.
• Canada was seen as a patriotic and successful country, boosting its immigration and image.
• The land was too big to be kept as a single province.
• Hudson's Bay Company, the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta formed.
• After Canada split the massive territory into two provinces by obtaining Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory from the Hudson's Bay Company, the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta formed. The land was too big to be kept as a single province.
• An immigrant is someone who comes to live permanently in a foreign country.
• After the completion of the railroad and industrialization, immigrants filled job opportunities in Canada, addressing the growing anti-Asian sentiment and limiting Japanese immigration.
• The Social Gospel was a social movement that applied Christian ethics to solve social problems.
• The purpose of The Social Gospel was to fight against social issues within Canadian society, such as crime, unclean environments, economic inequality, etc.
• In the 1800s, women were expected to marry and raise families.
• Activists fought for women's rights, leading to the Married Women's Property Act, allowing women to own property.
• Women were able to work as nurses during war efforts, nuns, and eventually vote.
• The Children's Aid Society was established in 1893 to address child labor and abuse, alongside the Child Protection Act. Overrepresentation of Indigenous children, who make up 4% of Canada's population, remains a significant issue.