Complications of Fractures

• What is a major risk associated with open fractures?

  Infection and osteomyelitis
• Why does severe soft tissue damage increase infection risk?

  It impedes the body's ability to fight infections
• What is crucial in managing open fractures?

  Aggressive cleaning and removal of tissue
• What can be used for prevention of infection in fractures?

  Irrigant or ‘beads’
• How do postoperative intravenous antibiotics affect infection rates?

  They significantly reduce infection rates
• What is compartment syndrome characterized by?

  Increased pressure within a confined space
• What does increased pressure in a compartment compress?

  Blood vessels, nerves, and tendons
• What are the causes of compartment syndrome?

  Decreased compartment size and increased contents
• What can edema obstruct in compartment syndrome?

  Circulation, causing venous occlusion
• What can compromised arterial flow lead to?

  Ischemia and muscle cell destruction
• What are the clinical manifestations of compartment syndrome known as?

  The 6 Ps
• What are the 6 Ps of compartment syndrome?

  1. Pain distal to the injury
  2. Increasing pressure in the compartment
  3. Paresthesia (numbness and tingling)
  4. Pallor, coolness, and loss of color
  5. Paralysis or loss of function
  6. Pulselessness or diminished peripheral pulses
• Why is early recognition of compartment syndrome crucial?

  To prevent limb-threatening complications
• What should be assessed for signs of rhabdomyolysis?

  Urine for dark coloration
• What should be avoided in the management of compartment syndrome?

  Elevation and cool compress
• What should be done if restrictive bandages are present in compartment syndrome?

  Loosen or remove them if needed
• What surgical procedure may be needed for severe compartment syndrome?

  Fasciotomy
• What is a possible outcome in severe cases of compartment syndrome?

  Amputation