GenSoc

• Understanding sex and gender is critical to understanding human society.
• Sex and gender shape health independently as distinct factors, as well as interactively through the many ways in which they intersect and influence each other.
• Understanding the differences and interactions between sex and gender is important to better understand its intersection in biomedical, psychosocial and political-legal perspectives.
• Sex refers to the biological and physiological differences between males and females as determined by nature, differentiating people based on biological attributes such as physical body contour, features, genitals, reproductive organs; genetic attributes like chromosomes and hormones; and label attributes like female or male, man or woman.
• Gender refers to the distinctive qualities of men and women, the masculinity and the femininity of an individual that are culturally created, and is often used with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones.
• Gender also refers to the socially and culturally constructed differences between men and women, and is concerned with femininity and masculinity.
• Heteronormativity is the phenomenon of determining the normality of a behavior based on whether it conforms or not to the expectations relative to one’s biological sex.
• There are those who do not follow culturally accepted standards of masculinity and femininity.
• Natural variation of human gender expression exists.
• Social and cultural practices change through time.
• Gender Identity is an aspect of gender referring to the sense of who we are and how we see and experience ourselves (as a man, a woman, or neither).
• Qualitative methods include Phenomenology, Hermeneutics, and Ethnography and Ethnomethodology.
• Any study should not disadvantage a particular group, especially the marginalized and oppressed (e.g. poor, women, LGBTQ+, elderly).
• All data gathered from surveys or interviews should also be placed in a secure location or filing system.
• The benefits of the study should be for all.
• Researchers should not reveal any information provided by the participants, much so, their identity to anyone who are not concerned with the study.
• Researchers should ensure that only those participants who agree (in writing) will be included, and that they shall not force any participant to join.
• Gender Studies (GS) utilizes a systematic approach in identifying problems, making hypotheses and assumptions, gathering data, and making conclusions.
• Quantitative methods include Survey and Experiment.
• Quantitative approach focuses more on characterizing a population (total number of individuals in a group) or a sample ( a sub-group within the population), making generalizations about the population based on the behavior of the sample.
• Researchers should ensure that the participants in the study are aware of the purpose and processes of the study they are participating in.
• Mixed methods combine qualitative and quantitative methods to derive data from multiple sources.
• A study should do no harm (non-maleficence) to anyone, especially in researches involving humans, a study should be beneficial (beneficence) for it to be worth implementing.
• Approaches in Research: Qualitative and Quantitative.
• Qualitative approach focuses more on meanings created and interpretations made by people about their own personal or vicarious (observed) experiences.
• Ethics in Gender and Sexuality Research involve making sure that people involved in the research are protected from harm.
• LGBTs often do not fit in the traditional binary gender roles so they are often reprimanded, bullied and discriminated.
• Gender roles are socially constructed, not "born with".
• Ethics in research considerations in conducting research to ensure the well-being of the participants and the soundness of the study without undue harm to people involved.
• Boys are encouraged to be brave, to play rough, to be loud and not to show signs of weakness like crying.
• Gender studies emerged from the need to analyze how gender, sex, and sexuality impact our lives, especially how it creates gender inequality.
• Gender studies is a field of study concerned about how reproductive roles are interpreted and negotiated in the society through gender.
• Gender studies explores how our gender roles have changed throughout our history and how it created inequalities.
• Girls are discouraged from playing rough and being loud, but gentle and soft.
• Gender studies helps us analyze the creation and maintenance of these gender norms so that it does not create inequalities in our social, political, and economic spheres.
• LGBTs are often subjected to violence and hate just because they do not fit in what society calls "normal".
• Gender role or sex role are sets of culturally defined behaviors such as masculinity and femininity.
• Social research is the process of investigating social realities.
• Research approach is the orientation on understanding social realities and can be qualitative (interpretive), quantitative (deductive), or both.
• Gender studies helps us see the issues in our everyday lives through a different lens.