12.2

• In the Philippines, volcano monitoring is conducted by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS).
• PHIVOLCS uses a system to monitor and reduce volcanic hazards.
• The Philippines is known to be a country with lots of volcanoes.
• Examples of active volcanoes include Mt Kilauea in Hawaii, Mt Etna in Italy, Mt St Helens in Washington, and Mt Merapi in Indonesia.
• Inactive volcanoes have no eruptive histories, are heavily weathered, and will never erupt again.
• Examples of inactive volcanoes include Mt Arayat in Pampanga and the Seven Lakes of San Pablo in Laguna.
• PHIVOLCS lists 335 inactive volcanoes, with several being unnamed peaks.
• Mount Arayat’s hiking trails are well-known, and there is a rich history of folklore and superstition surrounding the mountain.
• Potentially active volcanoes have no eruptive histories and no recent dateable materials but are morphologically recent.
• Cuernos de Negros, also known as Mount Talinis, exhibits areas of geothermal alteration and steaming, and will soon host a geothermal plant.
• Mount Apo is the country’s highest peak, which showcases sulfuric steam and hosts a geothermal plant.
• Mt Isarog, located in Camarines Sur, is a stratovolcano famous for its rich and unique biodiversity.
• Seven Lakes of Laguna is also known as the Seven Lakes of San Pablo, including Lake Calibato, Lake Palakpakin, Lake Muhikap, Lake Sampaloc, Lake Yamboo, Lake Pandin, and Lake Calibato.
• PHIVOLCS uses a classification system to track the activity of Philippine volcanoes, including active volcanoes, potentially active volcanoes, and inactive volcanoes.
• Active volcanoes have eruptive histories; there has been a recorded eruption in historical times.
• The Philippines is situated in the Ring of Fire, meaning that there is a significant amount of volcanic activity in the country.
• 23 active volcanoes are being monitored by PHIVOLCS.
• PHIVOLCS list 26 potentially active volcanoes.
• Mt Mayon is known to be the most active volcano in the Philippines.
• The four most active volcanoes in the Philippines are the Mt M ayon, Mt T aal, Mt K anlaon, Mt B ulusan.
• PHIVOLCS stands for Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
• Mt Mayon is known being the perfect cone (stratovolcano) with its last eruption in 2018 holding 51/52 historical eruptions
• Mt Taal represents a collapsed caldera covering 234 km with its last eruption in 2020 holding 33/34 historical eruptions
• Mt Kanlaon is the highest volcano in visayas negros occidental with several flank vents around the summit crater with its last eruption in 2016 holding 30 historical eruptions
• Mt Bulusan is a part of Irosin caldera in a complex volcanic field spanning most of sorsogon with its last eruption in 2017 holding 18 historical eruptions