12.3

• Eruptions are classified based on their eruptive styles.
• Effusive eruptions produce lava flows exclusively.
• Explosive eruptions produce pyroclastic debris.
• Magmatic eruptions are driven by thermal expansion of the dissolved gasses in lava.
• Pinian eruptions are extreme build up of gases in the magma chamber (10km).
• Pelean "glowing avalanches" are a type of eruption.
• Vulcanian eruptions are vicious lava build up until they explode (5-10km).
• Icelandic eruptions are sustained fissure eruptions, producing curtains of lava and large Igneous POV (LIPS).
• Strombolian eruptions are characterized by the bursting of clumps of gas bubbles with incandescent lava flows (5km).
• Hawaiian eruptions produce low viscosity basaltic lava flows and fountains and evolve.
• Surtseyan eruptions occur in shallow bodies of magma in contact with water.
• Phreatomagmatic eruptions are driven by the violent thermal contraction of magma when it interacts with water, resulting in an explosion, it is the equivalent of a "wet" strombolian eruption.
• Phreatic eruptions are purely stream-driven, caused by the expansion of water into stream when heated by a nearby magma chamber or volcanic source.
• The water in phreatic eruptions flashes boils and explodes, fracturing surrounding rock and even tearing off debris.