Knowledge questions

• What is an Isotope?

  Atoms that have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons in the nucleus.
• Isotope: The same element that has slightly different physical properties
• Ionic bonding: A metal and non-metal combine
• Covalent bonding: Formed between non-metals when they share electrons to fill their octets
• Solubility: The measure of how much a substance can dissolve in water
• As temp increases, the solubility of salts increases and the solubility of gases decreases.
• Percipitate: Ions that are removed by forming an insoluble solid.
• Acid: substance that can donate a proton (H+ ion) or accept an electron pair
• Acid has a sour taste, can neutralize bases, and can turn blue litmus paper red.
• Base: Compound that ionizes in water to form hydroxide ions is a base. It can accept a proton or donate an electron pair.
• A Base tastes bitter, can neutralize Acids, and turns red litmus paper blue.
• Salt: chemical compound formed by an acid+base neutralization reaction.
• Temperature: The average kinetic energy of particles in a substance
• How much is absolute zero?

  -273.15 °C or 0 K
• What is a compound?

  A substance composed of two or more elements chemically bonded together.
• Boyles Law: The pressure exerted by a gas is inversely proportional to the volume occupied by it at a constant mass and temperature.
• Boyles Law eq: P1V1=P2V2
• Charles Law: The volume (V) of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature (K), at constant pressure.
• Charles Law Eq: V1/T1= V2/T2

  (V[=]Litres, T[=]Kelvin)
• Gay-Lussac's Law: The pressure of a mass of gas varies directly with temperature, at a constant volume.
• Gay-Lussac Eq: P1/T1=P2/T2
• What is the difference between ionic and molecular compounds?

  Ionic compounds are the combination of a non-metal and metal elements, while molecular compounds are the combination of two non-metals.
• What is the difference between net ionic eq'ns and ionic eq'ns?

  A net ionic equation shows only the chemical elements that are involved in a reaction, while a complete ionic equation also includes the spectator ions
• Electronegativity: An atoms relative ability to attract shared electrons.
• If two elements in a molecular compound have the same electronegativity, they will form a pure covalent bond.
• the larger the difference in electronegativity, the more polar the molecule.
• What bond does a 0-0.4 EN indicate?

  Non polar covalent bond
• What EN does polar covalent (metal to nonmetal) indicate?

  0.5 - 1.4
• What EN does polar covalent indicate (nonmetal to nonmetal)?

  0.5 - 2.2
• What does a 1.5 - 3.2 EN value indicate?

  Ionic bond
• When is there no reaction in a double displacement reaction?

  When all compounds on both sides are aqueous
• When is there no reaction in single displacement reactions?

  When the metal being displaced is more reactive than the metal displacing it
• Atomic Radius: The distance from the nucleus to the valence shell of an atom.
• What is the periodic trend for atomic Radius?

  Increases as you move down a group and left a period
• What is the periodic trend for Electronegativity?

  Increases as you go up a group and to the right across a period.
• What is the periodic trend for ionization energy and electron affinity?

  They both increase as you move up a group and right across a period.
• When does a full or stable octet occur

  When the valence shell is filled with the max number of electrons
• Octet rule: when atoms combine they tend to achieve 8 valence electrons
• What is the study of stoichiometry?

  The study of quantitative relationships between amounts of reactants required to get a reaction to occur