Intro to Micropara

• Microbiology is a branch of biology that deals with the study of organisms that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.
• Parasitology is a branch of microbiology that deals with the study of parasites, their hosts and the relationship between them.
• Microbiology plays a significant role in various fields such as vaccine production, food production, agriculture, ecological impact, biological warfare, environmental control, and combating diseases.
• In nursing, Microbiology is important for public health awareness, control of microorganisms during nursing procedures, making educated healthcare decisions and actions, and prevention of antibiotic resistance.
• The Law of Moses during the Biblical Period includes many provisions related to infectious diseases, making it one of the earliest measures of venereal diseases control.
• Gonorrhea, described as an "issue" in Mosaic law, is a venereal disease.
• Trichinosis is a disease caused by eating raw or undercooked meat from animals infected with the Trichinella worm.
• The origin of Microbial Life can be traced back to Spontaneous Generation, the production of living organisms from nonliving matter, as inferred from the apparent appearance of life in some supposedly sterile environments.
• Biogenesis is the hypothesis that living matter arises only from other living matter.
• The miasma theory suggested that diseases are produced due to polluted vapors rising from the ground, or from decomposed material.
• Biological relationships include competition, predation, commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism.
• Parasitism in biological relationships is when one benefits, while the other is harmed.
• Competition in biological relationships is when organisms compete for the same resource.
• Commensalism in biological relationships is when one benefits without affecting the other.
• Predation in biological relationships is when an organism is superior to another organism.
• Mutualism in biological relationships is when both organisms benefit from each other.
• Parasite: An organism that lives within a host that causes harm to the host while it benefits from it.
• Aristotle believed that living organisms could arise from non-living matter.
• Joseph Lister, a British surgeon, developed antiseptic surgery.
• Louis Pasteur, a French scientist, is known for his work in Pasteurization and Fermentation, Air Filtration Experiment, and the development of Attenuated Vaccines.
• John Needham, an Italian monk, claimed that Needham's Broth contaminated after heating.
• Theodore Schwann, a German scientist, also proposed the Cell Theory/Biogenesis: "Omnis cellula e celulla".
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch scientist, was the first to demonstrate microorganisms using the microscope.
• Agostino Bassi, an Italian entomologist, preceded Louis Pasteur in the discovery that microorganisms can be the cause of disease.
• Francesco Redi, an Italian poet, proposed the origin of microbial life.
• Robert Hooke, an English scientist, made the discovery of the Cell and described methods of preparing Culture.
• Van Helmont, an Italian poet physician, conducted experiments to test the hypothesis of spontaneous generation.
• Herodotus believed that plants were eating soil, maggots from meat, and mice from feed.
• Lazzaro Spallanzani, a French naturalist, was a proponent which claimed that air contains a "life force".
• Robert Koch, a German physician and bacteriologist, developed Pure Culture, Staining, Solid Media, and Koch Postulates.
• Felix Archimedes Pouchet proposed the Cell Theory/Biogenesis in 1835.
• A microorganism that can cause a disease is referred to as a pathogen.
• Alexander Fleming discovered that a culture of Staphylococcus aureus was contaminated by a fungus, Penicillium notatum, which inhibited the growth of the bacteria.
• Veterinary Microbiology is the study of the role of microorganisms in veterinary medicine or animal taxonomy.
• Medical Microbiology is the study of pathogenic microbes and the role of microbes in human illness.
• Applied Microbiology involves the study of organisms themselves but not in a medical setting, including Medical Microbiology, Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Industrial Microbiology, Microbial Biotechnology, Food Microbiology, Agricultural Microbiology, Veterinary Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology.
• A host is an organism that harbors a guest organism.
• Pharmaceutical Microbiology is the study of microorganisms related to the production of antibiotics, enzymes, vitamins, vaccines, and other products and that can cause contamination and spoil.
• Ignaz Semmelweis was the first to advance the idea of “hand hygiene” in a medical setting to prevent transmission of puerperal fever.
• Virulence is the level of pathogenicity of a microorganism.