Dispositional factors

• What is the focus of the positional explanation of institutional aggression?

  It proposes individual traits create identity
• What does the positional explanation suggest about individual traits?

  They are main factors in aggression
• Who put forward the positional explanation model?

  Irwin and Cressey
• What does the model by Irwin and Cressey propose about individuals in prison?

  They import their traits and characteristics
• If an individual comes from a violent subculture, what does the dispositional explanation suggest?

  They may continue violent behavior in prison
• What is the implication of the positional explanation regarding violence in prisons?

  Violence is influenced by individual backgrounds
• What did Gaes et al. (1988) study in relation to prison violence?

  82,000 prisoners in US prisons
• What was a key finding of Gaes et al. (1988) regarding violent prisoners?

  Hispanic origin prisoners were more violent
• How did the violence levels compare between Hispanic and non-Hispanic prisoners according to Gaes et al. (1988)?

  Hispanic prisoners were more violent
• What does the research suggest about Asian origin prisoners in terms of violence?

  They were less likely to be violent
• What conclusion can be drawn about non-Asian prisoners based on the research findings?

  They were more likely to exhibit violence
• What are the implications of the positional explanation for understanding aggression in prisons?

  • Individual traits influence aggression
  • Backgrounds shape behavior in prison
  • Violence is not solely due to environment
• What are the key findings of Gaes et al. (1988) regarding prison violence?

  • Hispanic prisoners more violent than others
  • Asian prisoners less likely to be violent
  • Non-Asian prisoners more likely to be violent
• Who are more violent in US prisons according to the research?

  Hispanic origin prisoners
• How do Hispanic origin prisoners compare to non-Hispanic origin prisoners in terms of violence?

  Hispanic origin prisoners are more violent
• Which group of prisoners is less likely to be violent?

  Asian origin prisoners
• What does the research suggest about Asian origin prisoners compared to non-Asian origin prisoners?

  Asian origin prisoners are less likely to be violent
• What factors contribute to aggression in prison according to the research?

  Culture and ethnicity contribute to aggression
• How does culture and ethnicity relate to aggression in prison settings?

  They are factors that can contribute to aggression
• What is a limitation mentioned regarding the research on aggression in prisons?

  Most research focuses on male prisoners
• What is known about reasons for female violence in prisons?

  Very little is known about female violence
• How could male violence research be biased when applied to female prisoners?

  It may not accurately reflect female experiences
• What might limit the understanding of aggression in institutional settings?

  Existing biases in research methodologies
• What can be said about the differences in aggression based on gender in prisons?

  There may be significant differences in aggression
• How do situational factors affect aggression in prisons?

  They can influence the level of aggression exhibited
• What is a potential outcome of the research on aggression in prisons?

  It may lead to better understanding of aggression
• Why is it important to study aggression in prisons?

  To improve safety and rehabilitation efforts
• What might be a consequence of not addressing gender differences in prison aggression research?

  Misguided policies and ineffective interventions