Situational factors

• What do situational explanations of institutional aggression propose?

  They suggest aggression results from environmental factors.
• What is the main form of punishment when an individual is sent to prison?

  Deprivation of liberty
• How does deprivation of liberty affect prisoners?

  They must remain in the prison environment without freedom.
• What must prisoners often obtain permission for?

  To eat, sleep, or shower
• What is a consequence of deprivation of autonomy for prisoners?

  They have very few choices.
• What feeling can deprivation of autonomy lead to among inmates?

  A feeling of helplessness
• What can frustration from deprivation of autonomy lead to?

  Increased aggression among inmates
• What does deprivation of goods refer to in prison?

  Restricted access to items taken for granted.
• What can restricted access to goods lead to for prisoners?

  A sense of frustration and failure
• What is a common restriction faced by prisoners regarding technology?

  Smartphones are often restricted or denied.
• How does the restriction of goods affect prisoners' mental state?

  It can lead to feelings of frustration.
• What is a potential outcome of deprivation of goods for prisoners?

  Increased aggression and frustration
• What does deprivation of security entail for prisoners?

  Living in fear of aggression from others.
• How does fear of aggression from other inmates affect prisoners?

  It heightens their sense of physical threat.
• What can the perception of continuous threat lead to in prisoners?

  An aggressive response as a defense mechanism.
• What is the overall impact of situational explanations on institutional aggression?

  They highlight environmental factors influencing behavior.
• What are the main forms of deprivation experienced by prisoners?

  • Deprivation of liberty
  • Deprivation of autonomy
  • Deprivation of goods
  • Deprivation of security
• What are the consequences of deprivation of autonomy in prison?

  • Feelings of helplessness
  • Increased aggression
  • Limited choices
• How does overcrowding in prisons relate to aggression?

  • Can lead to increased tension
  • May cause frustration among inmates
  • Associated with higher aggression levels
• What is the focus of the situational explanation of aggression?

  It emphasizes supportive evidence.
• What did Gaes et al. find regarding overcrowding in prisons?

  Overcrowding can cause aggression and violence.
• How does overcrowding in prisons relate to health and misconduct?

  It can lead to aggression and general misconduct.
• What did Gaes et al. propose about overcrowding's effects?

  It can heighten stress and lead to aggression.
• What is a practical application of understanding aggression in prisons?

  It helps in reducing aggression levels.
• How can prison environments be modified to reduce aggression?

  By controlling noise and temperature.
• What did Wilson find about initiating conditions in prisons?

  They can successfully lower aggression levels.
• What does the situational explanation of aggression suggest about prison conditions?

  They can lead to higher aggression levels.
• What was a key finding from Wilson's research in 2005?

  Overcrowding was reduced in certain units.
• What was introduced to reduce noise in Wilson's study?

  Music was introduced to the environment.
• What was the outcome of controlling environmental conditions in Wilson's study?

  It successfully reduced aggression levels.
• How does initiating conditions relate to aggression in prisons?

  They can lower aggression through environmental control.
• What does the situational explanation of aggression highlight about prison environments?

  They significantly influence aggressive behavior.
• What are the key components of the situational explanation of aggression in prisons?

  • Supportive evidence for aggression
  • Effects of overcrowding on behavior
  • Practical applications for reducing aggression
  • Importance of environmental control