1. Procedures

• Analytical Chemistry - Principles, ideas, and methods for scientific and medical fields
• Analyte - any component needed to be determined
• There are two quantitative methods for analytical chemistry: Gravimetric Analysis and Volumetric Analysis
• Gravimetric Analysis - determines mass of substance in a sample by measuring the mass of the substance

  • Purely Chemical
  • Electrolyte
• Volumetric Analysis - determines the amount of a substance in a sample by measuring the volume of a solution
• Other Quantitative Methods:

  • Spectroscope
  • Electroanalytical
  • Misc. : Redox, Current, Analytical Charge
• electroanalytical - measures the electrical property, potential, current, resistance, and quality of electrical charge
• spectroscope: interaction between electromagnetic radiation and analyte atoms or molecules
• Procedure of Quantitative Analysis

  1. Choosing a Method
  2. Acquiring a Sample
  3. Processing a Sample
  4. Eliminating Interferences
  5. Calibrating Concentration
  6. Calculating Results
  7. Evaluating Results by Estimating Reliability
• Choosing a method considers three factors

  1. Level of Accuracy
  2. Economic Factors
  3. Complexity of the Test
• Sampling is the process of selecting a sample that can represent all analytes accurately
• Processing the sample - act of preparing a sample before test
• Replicating Samples - samples of material undergoing the same procedure to ensure reliability
• Interference - any species that enhance or attenuates the property and affect results
• Calibration is the process of determining the proportionality between analyte concentration and a measured quantity.
• Any experiment without any estimate reliability is useless
• Universal Hazard Signs

  A) Explosive

  B) Flammable

  C) Oxidising

  D) Corrosive

  E) Toxic

  F) Hazardous to the Environment

  G) Health Hazard

  H) Serious Health Hazard

  I) Gas Under Pressure