Prelims

• this are compounds that are based on carbon?

  Organic compounds
• there are 16 million known organic compounds because of the uniqueness of what?

  Carbon
• they are mostly proteins, enzymes, vitamins, lipids, carbohydrates, DNA, RNA ?

  Organic Chemistry
• atoms to the left of carbon have a tendency to ?

  give up electrons
• atoms to the right have a tendency to?

  accept electrons
• they are dense, positively charged nucleus

  surrounded at a relatively large distance by negatively charged electrons ?

  Atom
• they move continuously have kinetic energy form chemical bonds ?

  Electrons
• it is to describe the motion of an electron around a

  nucleus?

  quantum mechanics
• Electrons do not move freely in the space around a nucleus, confined to regions of space?

  principal energy
• description of the orbitals the electrons

  in the atom occupy?

  ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
• describes the atomic orbitals occupied by the atom’s electrons when they are all in the available orbitals with the lowest energy?

  Ground-State EC
• It is the Application of energy causes the excitation of the atom leading to a Excited-State EC.?

  ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
• What Rule states that the orbitals of lowest energy are filled first, according to the order 1s>2s>2p>3s>3p>4s>3d and so on...?

  aufbau principle
• What law states that each orbital can hold up to two electrons with their spins paired?

  Pauli exclusion principle
• What law states tyat If two or more empty orbitals of equal energy are available, one electron occupies each with the spins parallel until all orbitals are half-full?

  Hund's Rule
• • this are electrons in an atom’s outermost shell
  • participate in chemical bonding
  • eight electrons—an electron octet

  Valence Electrons
• this are electrons in inner shells?

  Core Electrons
• they gain or lose Electrons?

  Ionic Bonding
• It is the Sharing Electrons?

  Covalent bonding
• it is the most stable if its outer shell is either filled or contains eight electrons, and it has no electrons of higher energy?

  Atom
• in this theory, an atom will give up, accept, or share electrons to achieve a filled outer shell or an outer shell that contains eight electrons (octet rule) ?

  Lewis’s Structure
• shows the symbol of the element, surrounded by a number of dots equal to the number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom of that element?

  Lewis dot structure / electron-dot structures
• To describe molecules and ions for which no single Lewis structure is adequate?

  RESONSANCE THEORY
• It gives us a first glance at the shape of the molecule?

  VALENCE-SHELL ELECTRON-PAIR REPULSION (VSEPR) MODEL
• It is a model for predicting molecular geometry based on the minimization of electron repulsion between regions of electron density around an atom?

  VALENCE-SHELL ELECTRON-PAIR REPULSION (VSEPR) MODEL
• this bond forms when two atoms approach each

  other closely and a singly occupied orbital on one atom overlaps a singly occupied orbital on the other atom?

  covalent bond
• it is the combination of 1 2s orbital and the 1-3 2p orbitals to form four equivalent atomic orbitals with tetrahedral orientation?

  Hybridization
• it is the charge on an atom in a molecule or polyatomic ion?

  Formal charge
• it is classified as nonpolar or polar depending on the difference in electronegative ties of the atoms that share the electrons ?

  Electronegativity
• number of protons in its nucleus?

  Atomic number
• sum of its protons and neutrons?

  mass number
• same atomic number but different mass numbers?

  Isotopes
• weighted average of the isotopes in the element?

  atomic mass/weight
• sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in the molecule?

  molecular mass
• describes the motion of an electron around a nucleus?

  Quantum mechanics
• it can be thought of as occupying a set of concentric shells that surround the nucleus?

  Electrons
• Electrons do not move freely in the space around a nucleus, confined to regions of space called?

  principal energy levels / shells
• description of the orbitals the electrons in the atom occupy?

  ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
• describes the atomic orbitals occupied by the atom’s electrons when they are all in the available orbitals with the lowest energy?

  Ground-State EC
• The orbitals of lowest energy are filled first,

  according to the order 1s>2s>2p>3s>3p>4s>3

  d and so on...?

  aufbau principle