Development of Evolution

• Aristotle believed species were fixed in constraints arranged on their complexity
• linneaus grouped similar organisms and created binomial nomenclature
• James Hutton believed in gradualism
• Gradualism


  slow moving forces over long periods showing that the past is different from the now
• Georges Cuvier believed in catastrophism
• Catastrophism


  proposed species disappeared due to catastrophic events, leading to extinction
• Jean-Baptist Lamarck recognised that species change overtime
• changes are adaptation to their environment
• Thomas Malthus create An Essay on the Principle of Population 1798
• Malthus believed that the human population increases faster than food production
• Darwin noted aspects on biogeography and local adaptation
• biogeography


  fossil records and continental drift, endemic species
• fossil record 


  law of superposition and principle of original horizontality
• homology


  similarity of the structure, physiology, or development of different species of organisms based on their descent from a common ancestor
• Within a population, the reproductive potential of organisms is always greater than the number of offspring that survive
• Individuals within a population are different, partly because they havedifferent genotypes
• Because environmental resources are limited, there is competitionbetween genotypes
• Those genotypes that compete successfully will leave more offspring thanother genotypes, and will pass their genes on to their offspring
• The genetic composition of populations will therefore change over time